PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Diabetes is associated with numerous comorbidities, one of which is increased vulnerability to infections. This review will focus on how diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the immune system and its various components, leading to the impaired proliferation of immune cells and the induction of senescence. We will explore how the pathology of diabetes-induced immune dysfunction may have similarities to the pathways of \"inflammaging\", a persistent low-grade inflammation common in the elderly. Inflammaging may increase the likelihood of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis at a younger age. Diabetes affects bone marrow composition and cellular senescence, and in combination with advanced age also affects lymphopoiesis by increasing myeloid differentiation and reducing lymphoid differentiation. Consequently, this leads to a reduced immune system response in both the innate and adaptive phases, resulting in higher infection rates, reduced vaccine response, and increased immune cells\' senescence in diabetics. We will also explore how some diabetes drugs induce immune senescence despite their benefits on glycemic control.
摘要：
糖尿病与许多合并症有关，其中之一是感染的脆弱性增加。这篇综述将集中在糖尿病（DM）如何影响免疫系统及其各种组成部分，导致免疫细胞增殖受损和衰老的诱导。我们将探讨糖尿病引起的免疫功能障碍的病理学可能与“炎症”的途径有相似之处，老年人常见的持续性低度炎症。炎症可能会增加年轻时发生类风湿性关节炎（RA）和牙周炎等疾病的可能性。糖尿病影响骨髓成分和细胞衰老，与高龄相结合，也会通过增加髓样分化和减少淋巴分化来影响淋巴生成。因此,这导致先天和适应性阶段的免疫系统反应降低，导致更高的感染率，降低疫苗反应，糖尿病患者的免疫细胞衰老增加。我们还将探讨一些糖尿病药物如何诱导免疫衰老，尽管它们对血糖控制有益。
