PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The ketogenic diet (KD) is characterized by minimal carbohydrate, moderate protein, and high fat intake, leading to ketosis. It is recognized for its efficiency in weight loss, metabolic health improvement, and various therapeutic interventions. The KD enhances glucose and lipid metabolism, reducing triglycerides and total cholesterol while increasing high-density lipoprotein levels and alleviating dyslipidemia. It significantly influences adipose tissue hormones, key contributors to systemic metabolism. Brown adipose tissue, essential for thermogenesis and lipid combustion, encounters modified UCP1 levels due to dietary factors, including the KD. UCP1 generates heat by uncoupling electron transport during ATP synthesis. Browning of the white adipose tissue elevates UCP1 levels in both white and brown adipose tissues, a phenomenon encouraged by the KD. Ketone oxidation depletes intermediates in the Krebs cycle, requiring anaplerotic substances, including glucose, glycogen, or amino acids, for metabolic efficiency. Methylation is essential in adipogenesis and the body\'s dietary responses, with DNA methylation of several genes linked to weight loss and ketosis. The KD stimulates FGF21, influencing metabolic stability via the UCP1 pathways. The KD induces a reduction in muscle mass, potentially involving anti-lipolytic effects and attenuating proteolysis in skeletal muscles. Additionally, the KD contributes to neuroprotection, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, and alters epigenetics. This review encapsulates the metabolic effects and signaling induced by the KD in adipose tissue and major metabolic organs.
摘要：
生酮饮食（KD）的特点是碳水化合物最少，中等蛋白质，和高脂肪摄入，导致酮症.它以其减肥效率而闻名，代谢健康改善，和各种治疗干预措施。KD增强葡萄糖和脂质代谢，降低甘油三酯和总胆固醇，同时增加高密度脂蛋白水平和缓解血脂异常。它显著影响脂肪组织激素，全身代谢的关键贡献者。棕色脂肪组织，对于产热和脂质燃烧至关重要，由于饮食因素，遇到修改的UCP1水平，包括KD.UCP1通过在ATP合成期间解耦电子传输而产生热量。白色脂肪组织的褐变升高白色和棕色脂肪组织中的UCP1水平，由KD鼓励的现象。酮氧化会耗尽克雷布斯循环中的中间体，需要回补物质，包括葡萄糖,糖原，或氨基酸，代谢效率。甲基化在脂肪形成和身体的饮食反应中是必不可少的，与体重减轻和酮症相关的几个基因的DNA甲基化。KD刺激FGF21,通过UCP1途径影响代谢稳定性。KD诱导肌肉质量减少，可能涉及抗脂解作用和减弱骨骼肌蛋白水解。此外,KD有助于神经保护，具有抗炎特性，改变表观遗传学。本文综述了KD在脂肪组织和主要代谢器官中的代谢作用和信号传导。
