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Abstract：
Citral, a common monoterpene found in numerous plants, is an interesting compound that has been shown to have various biological activities. Although it is widely distributed in nature and there are many studies presenting its biological activities, its anti-neurodegenerative activity, especially under in vivo conditions, is very poorly understood. Thus, this paper aimed to deepen knowledge about citral activity towards factors and symptoms of neurodegeneration. To accomplish this, several comprehensive tests were conducted, including the estimation of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, the evaluation of hepatotoxicity and the detection of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in vitro, as well as an in vivo behavioral assessment using mice models. Additionally, ex vivo determination of level of the compound in the brain and blood of a tested animal was undertaken. The results obtained revealed that citral is able to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase activity and protect hepatic cells against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in vitro. Moreover, behavioral tests in vivo indicated that citral (50 mg/kg) improves memory processes associated with acquisition (passive avoidance test), both in acute and subchronic administration. Additionally, we found that the administration of citral at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg did not significantly affect the locomotor activity. Beyond the aforementioned, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of the compound in the blood and brain after subchronic administration of citral. Taken together, the results obtained in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo clearly indicate that citral is a promising monoterpene that can potentially be used towards cognition improvement.
摘要：
柠檬醛,在许多植物中发现的一种常见的单萜，是一种有趣的化合物，已被证明具有各种生物活性。尽管它在自然界中分布广泛，并且有许多研究表明其生物学活性，它的抗神经变性活性，特别是在体内条件下，是非常了解的。因此，本文旨在加深对柠檬醛对神经变性的影响因素和症状的认识。要做到这一点，进行了几次全面的测试，包括丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制的估计，肝毒性的评估以及体外氧化应激和脂质过氧化的检测，以及使用小鼠模型的体内行为评估。此外,离体测定受试动物的脑和血液中化合物的水平。结果表明，柠檬醛能够抑制丁酰胆碱酯酶的活性，并在体外保护肝细胞免受氧化应激和脂质过氧化。此外，体内行为测试表明柠檬醛（50mg/kg）可改善与获取相关的记忆过程（被动回避测试），急性和亚慢性给药。此外,我们发现25mg/kg和50mg/kg柠檬醛的给药对运动活性没有显着影响。除了前面提到的,气相色谱-质谱分析显示，亚慢性给予柠檬醛后，血液和大脑中存在该化合物。一起来看,在体外获得的结果，在体内和离体清楚地表明柠檬醛是一种有前途的单萜，可潜在地用于认知改善。
