PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Aptamers are short oligonucleotides with single-stranded regions or peptides that recently started to transform the field of diagnostics. Their unique ability to bind to specific target molecules with high affinity and specificity is at least comparable to many traditional biorecognition elements. Aptamers are synthetically produced, with a compact size that facilitates deeper tissue penetration and improved cellular targeting. Furthermore, they can be easily modified with various labels or functional groups, tailoring them for diverse applications. Even more uniquely, aptamers can be regenerated after use, making aptasensors a cost-effective and sustainable alternative compared to disposable biosensors. This review delves into the inherent properties of aptamers that make them advantageous in established diagnostic methods. Furthermore, we will examine some of the limitations of aptamers, such as the need to engage in bioinformatics procedures in order to understand the relationship between the structure of the aptamer and its binding abilities. The objective is to develop a targeted design for specific targets. We analyse the process of aptamer selection and design by exploring the current landscape of aptamer utilisation across various industries. Here, we illuminate the potential advantages and applications of aptamers in a range of diagnostic techniques, with a specific focus on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) aptasensors and their integration into the well-established ELISA method. This review serves as a comprehensive resource, summarising the latest knowledge and applications of aptamers, particularly highlighting their potential to revolutionise diagnostic approaches.
摘要：
适体是具有单链区域或肽的短寡核苷酸,其最近开始转化诊断领域。它们以高亲和力和特异性结合特定靶分子的独特能力至少与许多传统生物识别元件相当。适体是合成生产的，具有紧凑的尺寸，有利于更深的组织渗透和改善细胞靶向。此外，它们可以很容易地用各种标签或功能组修改，为不同的应用定制它们。更独特的是，适体可以在使用后再生，与一次性生物传感器相比，aptasensor是一种具有成本效益和可持续的替代品。这篇综述深入研究了适体的固有特性，使它们在既定的诊断方法中具有优势。此外，我们将研究适体的一些局限性，例如，需要参与生物信息学程序，以了解适体的结构与其结合能力之间的关系。目标是为特定目标制定有针对性的设计。我们通过探索各个行业的适体利用现状，分析了适体选择和设计的过程。这里,我们阐明了适体在一系列诊断技术中的潜在优势和应用，特别关注石英晶体微天平（QCM）aptasensor及其与完善的ELISA方法的整合。这次审查是一个全面的资源，总结适体的最新知识和应用，特别突出了他们彻底改变诊断方法的潜力。
