PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Bovine colostrum provides newborn calves with strong passive immunity, which will further affect the immunity of their offspring. Compared with other commercial dairy products, bovine colostrum emphasizes the limit of aflatoxin M1, pathogenic bacteria, microorganisms, antibiotics, stimulants, and other items, so it is safe to use. There are many reports that the use of bovine colostrum as a breast milk fortifier for preterm infants provides necessary immune support for premature infants, but the selection of bovine colostrum products chosen must be free of Bacillus cereus because they are very dangerous for premature infants. This also emphasizes that for the bovine colostrum that is used in preterm infants, more clinical research support is needed. At the same time, it should also be emphasized that the composition of BC is different from that of human colostrum, in particular, the main protein of BC is casein, while the main protein in breast milk is whey protein, especially α-lactalbumin, which together with ovalbumin is still the reference protein with the best biological value, especially for muscles. Therefore, bovine colostrum is currently not a complete substitute for breast milk. In recent years, in addition to reports of bovine colostrum use in preterm infants, studies have also found that bovine colostrum has immunomodulatory and promoting effects in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. This suggests that bovine colostrum has the potential to provide appropriate immune support for people of all ages. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of nutritional characteristics of bovine colostrum on three dimensions. The effects of bovine colostrum on people of all ages is a narrative review of the effects of bovine colostrum on immunity in people of all ages. This review identified several classes of immunoactive substances in bovine colostrum, including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and enzymes, and compared the nutritional composition of bovine colostrum with mature milk, colostrum and mature milk in full-term breast milk, and colostrum and mature milk in preterm breast milk, to demonstrate that bovine colostrum provides a rich range of immunoactive components. In addition, the influencing factors affecting the quality of bovine colostrum (immunoglobulin) were reviewed, and it was found that individual differences, environmental factors, and processing methods had a great impact on the quality of BC. More importantly, the immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in people of all ages were reviewed in detail (with an emphasis on preterm infants and immunocompromised children in neonates) as evidence to support the immunity effects of colostrum in people of all ages. This review hopes to use the above evidence to make people understand the health role of bovine colostrum as having a human immunomodulatory effect, and at the same time, when seeing the potential value of bovine colostrum in the future, the limitations of its application should also be deeply re-explored, such as lactose intolerance, allergies, etc., to provide effective solutions for the wide application of bovine colostrum.
摘要：
牛初乳为新生小牛提供强大的被动免疫，这将进一步影响其后代的免疫力。与其他商业乳制品相比，牛初乳强调黄曲霉毒素M1，致病菌，微生物,抗生素,兴奋剂,和其他项目，所以使用是安全的。有很多报道称,使用牛初乳作为早产儿母乳强化剂,为早产儿提供必要的免疫支持,但是选择的牛初乳产品必须不含蜡状芽孢杆菌，因为它们对早产儿非常危险。这也强调，对于早产儿使用的牛初乳，需要更多的临床研究支持。同时,还应该强调的是，BC的成分与人类初乳的成分不同，特别是,BC的主要蛋白质是酪蛋白，母乳中的主要蛋白质是乳清蛋白，尤其是α-乳清蛋白,与卵清蛋白一起仍然是具有最佳生物学价值的参考蛋白，尤其是肌肉。因此,牛初乳目前还不能完全替代母乳。近年来,除了在早产儿中使用牛初乳的报道外，研究还发现，牛初乳对青少年具有免疫调节和促进作用，成年人,和老人。这表明牛初乳有可能为所有年龄段的人提供适当的免疫支持。因此,本研究从三个维度对牛初乳的营养特性进行质量评价。牛初乳对各年龄段人群的影响是对牛初乳对各年龄段人群免疫力影响的叙述性综述。这篇综述确定了牛初乳中的几类免疫活性物质，包括免疫球蛋白,细胞因子,和酶，并比较了牛初乳与成熟乳的营养成分，足月母乳中的初乳和成熟乳，早产母乳中的初乳和成熟乳，证明牛初乳提供了丰富的免疫活性成分。此外,综述了影响牛初乳(免疫球蛋白)质量的影响因素,发现个体差异，环境因素,加工方法对BC的质量有很大影响。更重要的是,我们详细综述了牛初乳对各年龄段人群的免疫调节作用(重点是早产儿和新生儿免疫功能低下的儿童),作为支持牛初乳对各年龄段人群的免疫作用的证据.这篇综述希望利用上述证据，使人们了解牛初乳具有人体免疫调节作用的健康作用，同时,当看到牛初乳在未来的潜在价值时，它的应用局限性也应该得到深入的重新探索，比如乳糖不耐受，过敏,等。,为牛初乳的广泛应用提供有效的解决方案。
