PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Natural and synthetic colorants present in food can modulate hemostasis, which includes the coagulation process and blood platelet activation. Some colorants have cardioprotective activity as well. However, the effect of genipin (a natural blue colorant) and synthetic blue colorants (including patent blue V and brilliant blue FCF) on hemostasis is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three blue colorants-genipin, patent blue V, and brilliant blue FCF-on selected parameters of hemostasis in vitro. The anti- or pro-coagulant potential was assessed in human plasma by measuring the following coagulation times: thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Moreover, we used the Total Thrombus formation Analysis System (T-TAS, PL-chip) to evaluate the anti-platelet potential of the colorants in whole blood. We also measured their effect on the adhesion of washed blood platelets to fibrinogen and collagen. Lastly, the cytotoxicity of the colorants against blood platelets was assessed based on the activity of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). We observed that genipin (at all concentrations (1-200 µM)) did not have a significant effect on the coagulation times (PT, APTT, and TT). However, genipin at the highest concentration (200 µM) and patent blue V at the concentrations of 1 and 10 µM significantly prolonged the time of occlusion measured using the T-TAS, which demonstrated their anti-platelet activity. We also observed that genipin decreased the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and collagen. Only patent blue V and brilliant blue FCF significantly shortened the APTT (at the concentration of 10 µM) and TT (at concentrations of 1 and 10 µM), demonstrating pro-coagulant activity. These synthetic blue colorants also modulated the process of human blood platelet adhesion, stimulating the adhesion to fibrinogen and inhibiting the adhesion to collagen. The results demonstrate that genipin is not toxic. In addition, because of its ability to reduce blood platelet activation, genipin holds promise as a novel and valuable agent that improves the health of the cardiovascular system and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of its anti-platelet activity remains unclear and requires further studies. Its in vivo activity and interaction with various anti-coagulant and anti-thrombotic drugs, including aspirin and its derivatives, should be examined as well.
摘要：
食物中存在的天然和合成着色剂可以调节止血，包括凝血过程和血小板活化。一些着色剂也具有心脏保护活性。然而,京尼平（一种天然蓝色着色剂）和合成蓝色着色剂（包括专利蓝V和亮蓝FCF）对止血的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们的目的是研究三种蓝色着色剂京尼平的作用，专利蓝V,和亮蓝FCF-对体外止血参数的选择。通过测量以下凝血时间来评估人血浆中的抗凝血或促凝血潜能：凝血酶时间（TT），凝血酶原时间（PT），活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。此外，我们使用了总血栓形成分析系统(T-TAS，PL-chip）评估全血中着色剂的抗血小板潜力。我们还测量了它们对洗涤的血小板与纤维蛋白原和胶原蛋白粘附的影响。最后,基于细胞外乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性评估着色剂对血小板的细胞毒性。我们观察到京尼平（在所有浓度（1-200µM）下）对凝血时间没有显着影响（PT，APTT,和TT）。然而,最高浓度（200µM）的京尼平和浓度为1和10µM的专利蓝V显着延长了使用T-TAS测量的闭塞时间，证明了它们的抗血小板活性。我们还观察到京尼平降低了血小板对纤维蛋白原和胶原蛋白的粘附。只有专利蓝V和亮蓝FCF显着缩短了APTT（浓度为10µM）和TT（浓度为1和10µM），证明促凝活性。这些合成的蓝色着色剂还调节了人类血小板粘附的过程，刺激与纤维蛋白原的粘附并抑制与胶原蛋白的粘附。结果表明京尼平无毒。此外,因为它能够减少血小板活化，京尼平作为改善心血管系统健康并降低心血管疾病风险的新型和有价值的药物有望成为可能。然而,其抗血小板活性的机制尚不清楚,需要进一步研究.其体内活性和与各种抗凝血和抗血栓药物的相互作用，包括阿司匹林及其衍生物,也应该检查。
