PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr., is one of the most vital plant diseases, causing extensive pre- and post-harvest losses in apple fruits. In the current study, we isolated and identified two potential endophytic bioagents, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces endus. Both bioagents exhibited a potent fungistatic effect against B. cinerea under both in vitro and in planta conditions. Moreover, two experiments were carried out; (i) the first experiment was conducted at room temperature after artificial inoculation with B. cinerea to monitor the progression of the infection and the corresponding biochemical responses of the apples. Our in vivo findings showed that the treated B. cinerea-infected apple fruits with the cell-free bacterial filtrate of B. subtilis and S. endus (dipping or wrapping) significantly reduced the rotten area of the treated apple at room temperature. Additionally, B. subtilis and S. endus enhanced the enzymatic (POX and PPO) and non-enzymatic (phenolics and flavonoids) antioxidant defense machinery in treated apples. (ii) The second experiment focused on the preventive effects of both bioagents over a 90-day storage period at 1 °C of healthy apples (no artificial inoculation). The application of both bacterial filtrates prolonged the storage period, reduced the relative weight loss, and maintained high-quality parameters including titratable acidity, firmness, and total soluble solids of apple fruits under cold storage at 1 °C. The Kaplan-Meier analysis of rotten apples over 90 days during cold storage showed that the treated apples lasted longer than the non-treated apples. Moreover, the lifespan of apple fruits dipped in the culture filtrate of B. subtilis, or a fungicide, was increased, with no significant differences, compared with the non-treated apples. The current results showed the possibility of using both bioagents as a safe and eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides to control gray mold disease in apples.
摘要：
灰色模具，由灰葡萄孢菌引起。Fr.,是最重要的植物疾病之一，造成苹果果实收获前后的大量损失。在目前的研究中,我们分离并鉴定了两种潜在的内生生物制剂，枯草芽孢杆菌和链霉菌。在体外和植物条件下，两种生物制剂都对灰霉病菌表现出有效的真菌抑制作用。此外，进行了两个实验；（i）第一个实验是在人工接种灰霉病菌后在室温下进行的，以监测感染的进展和苹果的相应生化反应。我们的体内发现表明，用枯草芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的无细胞细菌滤液（浸渍或包裹）处理过的灰霉病菌感染的苹果果实在室温下显着减少了处理过的苹果的腐烂面积。此外,枯草芽孢杆菌和S.Endus增强了处理过的苹果中的酶（POX和PPO）和非酶（酚类和类黄酮）抗氧化防御机制。（ii）第二个实验集中在健康苹果在1°C（无人工接种）下90天的储存期内两种生物制剂的预防作用。两种细菌滤液的应用延长了储存期，减少了相对体重减轻，并保持高质量的参数，包括可滴定的酸度，坚定,和1℃冷藏条件下苹果果实的总可溶性固形物在冷藏期间超过90天的腐烂苹果的Kaplan-Meier分析显示,处理过的苹果比未处理的苹果持续时间更长。此外，苹果果实的寿命浸入枯草芽孢杆菌的培养滤液中，或者杀真菌剂,增加了，没有显著差异，与未处理的苹果相比。目前的结果表明，有可能使用两种生物制剂作为化学杀菌剂的安全和生态友好的替代品来控制苹果的灰霉病。
