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Abstract：
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that affects the periodontium and overall oral health and is primarily caused by a dysbiotic gingival biofilm, which includes, among others, Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythensis that colonize gingival tissues and that can lead, if not properly treated, to periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss. In the last few decades, several large-scale epidemiological studies have evidenced that mild and severe forms of periodontitis are strictly bilaterally associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), stroke, and endothelial dysfunction. Specifically, it is hypothesized that patients with severe periodontitis would have compromised endothelial function, a crucial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and several CVD forms. In this regard, it was postulated that periodontal treatment would ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, hence bolstering the notion that therapeutic approaches targeted at diminishing cardiovascular risk factors and different forms of periodontal treatment could improve several CVD biomarker outcomes in the short- and long-term in CVD patients. The aim of this review is to update and analyze the link between periodontitis and CVD, focusing on the inflammatory nature of periodontitis and its correlation with CVD, the effects of periodontal therapy on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and the impact of such therapy on CVD biomarkers and outcomes. The article also discusses future research directions in this field.
摘要：
牙周炎是一种影响牙周组织和整体口腔健康的多因素慢性炎症性疾病，主要由生物失调性牙龈生物膜引起，其中包括，其中,革兰氏阴性细菌，如牙龈卟啉单胞菌，放线杆菌放线杆菌，连翘制革菌定植于牙龈组织，如果治疗不当,牙周组织破坏和牙齿脱落。在过去的几十年里，一些大规模的流行病学研究表明，轻度和重度牙周炎与几种心血管疾病（CVDs）严格相关，中风,和内皮功能障碍。具体来说,据推测，患有严重牙周炎的患者会损害内皮功能，动脉粥样硬化和几种CVD形式的病理生理学中的关键步骤。在这方面,据推测，牙周治疗可以改善内皮功能障碍，因此支持以下观点:针对减少心血管危险因素的治疗方法和不同形式的牙周治疗可以改善CVD患者短期和长期的几种CVD生物标志物结局.这篇综述的目的是更新和分析牙周炎和CVD之间的联系，关注牙周炎的炎症性质及其与CVD的相关性，牙周治疗对内皮功能障碍和氧化应激的影响，以及此类治疗对CVD生物标志物和结局的影响。文章还讨论了该领域未来的研究方向。
