PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are energy-free molecules that are essential to the body\'s functioning and life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e., dietary. As a result, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies are rarer in industrialized countries than in countries with limited resources. Certain groups of people are particularly affected, such as newborns or growing children, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and elderly or isolated individuals. Deficiencies in vitamins A, D, E, and K are also relatively frequent in subjects with digestive tract disorders, liver diseases, chronic pathologies, or in intensive care patients. Deficiencies or excesses of fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical pictures. Certain syndromes are typical of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, such as the combination of ophthalmological and immunity impairments in the case of vitamin A deficiency or hemorrhagic syndrome and osteopenia in the case of vitamin E deficiency. This is also the case for osteomalacia, muscular weakness, even falls, and rickets in the case of vitamin D deficiency. Diagnosis of a deficiency in one of the fat-soluble vitamins relies on blood tests, which are not always essential for routine use. In this context, a therapeutic test may be proposed. Treatment of deficiencies requires vitamin supplementation, a well-balanced diet, and treatment of the cause.
摘要：
脂溶性维生素，包括维生素A,D,E,K,是对身体功能和生命至关重要的无能量分子。它们的摄入量几乎完全是外源性的，即，饮食。因此,与资源有限的国家相比，工业化国家的脂溶性维生素缺乏症更为罕见。某些群体尤其受到影响，例如新生儿或成长中的孩子，孕妇或哺乳期妇女，和老年人或孤立的个人。缺乏维生素A，D,E,在患有消化道疾病的受试者中，K也相对频繁，肝脏疾病,慢性病理学，或重症监护患者。脂溶性维生素的缺乏或过量是各种或多或少特定的临床表现的原因。某些综合征是典型的脂溶性维生素缺乏症，例如在维生素A缺乏或出血综合征的情况下的眼科和免疫损害的组合以及在维生素E缺乏的情况下的骨量减少。骨软化症也是如此，肌肉无力,甚至跌倒，以及维生素D缺乏的病。一种脂溶性维生素缺乏的诊断依赖于血液检查，这对于日常使用并不总是必不可少的。在这种情况下，可以提出治疗性测试。治疗缺乏需要补充维生素，均衡的饮食,和治疗的原因。
