PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Rehabilitation of fully or partially edentulous patients with dental implants represents one of the most frequently used surgical procedures. The work of Branemark, who observed that a piece of titanium embedded in rabbit bone became firmly attached and difficult to remove, introduced the concept of osseointegration and revolutionized modern dentistry. Since then, an ever-growing need for improved implant materials towards enhanced material-tissue integration has emerged. There is a strong belief that nanoscale materials will produce a superior generation of implants with high efficiency, low cost, and high volume. The aim of this review is to explore the contribution of nanomaterials in implantology. A variety of nanomaterials have been proposed as potential candidates for implant surface customization. They can have inherent antibacterial properties, provide enhanced conditions for osseointegration, or act as reservoirs for biomolecules and drugs. Titania nanotubes alone or in combination with biological agents or drugs are used for enhanced tissue integration in dental implants. Regarding immunomodulation and in order to avoid implant rejection, titania nanotubes, graphene, and biopolymers have successfully been utilized, sometimes loaded with anti-inflammatory agents and extracellular vesicles. Peri-implantitis prevention can be achieved through the inherent antibacterial properties of metal nanoparticles and chitosan or hybrid coatings bearing antibiotic substances. For improved corrosion resistance various materials have been explored. However, even though these modifications have shown promising results, future research is necessary to assess their clinical behavior in humans and proceed to widespread commercialization.
摘要：
使用牙科植入物对完全或部分无牙的患者进行康复是最常用的外科手术之一。Branemark的工作,观察到嵌入兔骨中的一块钛变得牢固附着且难以去除，介绍了骨整合的概念和革命性的现代牙科。从那以后,对改善植入材料以增强材料-组织整合的需求不断增长。人们坚信，纳米级材料将产生高效的下一代植入物，低成本,和高容量。这篇综述的目的是探讨纳米材料在植入学中的贡献。已经提出了多种纳米材料作为植入物表面定制的潜在候选者。它们可以具有固有的抗菌特性，为骨整合提供增强的条件，或充当生物分子和药物的储库。二氧化钛纳米管单独或与生物试剂或药物组合用于增强牙科植入物中的组织整合。关于免疫调节，为了避免植入物排斥，二氧化钛纳米管，石墨烯,石墨烯生物聚合物已经被成功利用，有时负载抗炎药和细胞外囊泡。可以通过金属纳米颗粒和壳聚糖或带有抗生素物质的混合涂层的固有抗菌特性来实现种植体周围炎的预防。为了改善耐腐蚀性,已经探索了各种材料。然而,尽管这些修改已经显示出了有希望的结果，未来的研究对于评估它们在人类中的临床行为并进行广泛的商业化是必要的。
