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Abstract：
Food loss and waste pose significant challenges in both industrial and agricultural food production sectors. In recent decades, their environmental and economic impacts have intensified due to increasing food demand, heightened production activities, and varying standards across the global supply chain. Specifically, the complexities surrounding the causes of food waste at the retail and household levels persist as a multifaceted issue, constituting a crucial topic in food policy. This is driven by various interplaying aspects, such as food security, safety, quality, and environmental sustainability, including greenhouse gas emissions from decaying food, water pollution from leaching, and the proliferation of landfills. Additionally, consumer concerns and financial losses exacerbate the urgency of addressing this issue. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight these complexities as a focal point of its discussion by the examination of interconnected causes of food waste and potential solutions and initiatives to reduce food waste occurring at these critical points in the food supply chain. Less attention has been paid to retail and foodservice than production and consumer sectors, and this review specifically focuses on these industries, where food waste is more important than food loss. This review also looks at examples in developing countries which have received less attention until now. We believe that because of the complexity of the process to reduce food waste across the food supply chain, and the many stakeholders involved, the goal of a 50% reduction by 2030 set by the United Nations will be difficult to achieve on time.
摘要：
粮食损失和浪费在工业和农业粮食生产部门都构成了重大挑战。近几十年来,由于粮食需求的增加，它们对环境和经济的影响加剧，加强生产活动，以及全球供应链中不同的标准。具体来说,围绕零售和家庭层面食物浪费原因的复杂性仍然是一个多方面的问题，构成粮食政策中的一个重要议题。这是由各种互动方面驱动的，比如粮食安全，安全,质量,和环境可持续性，包括腐烂食物的温室气体排放，浸出造成的水污染，以及垃圾填埋场的扩散。此外,消费者的担忧和财务损失加剧了解决这一问题的紧迫性。因此,本文旨在通过研究食品浪费的相互关联的原因以及减少食品供应链中这些关键点发生的食品浪费的潜在解决方案和举措，来强调这些复杂性，以此作为讨论的重点。与生产和消费部门相比，零售和食品服务受到的关注较少，这篇评论特别关注这些行业，食物浪费比食物损失更重要。本审查还着眼于迄今为止受到较少关注的发展中国家的例子。我们相信，由于整个食品供应链中减少食品浪费的过程的复杂性，以及涉及的许多利益相关者，联合国设定的到2030年减少50％的目标将很难按时实现。
