PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Poultry is a source of meat that is in great demand in the world. The quality of meat is an imperative point for shoppers. To explore the genes controlling meat quality characteristics, the growth and meat quality traits and muscle transcriptome of two indigenous Yunnan chicken breeds, Wuding chickens (WDs) and Daweishan mini chickens (MCs), were compared with Cobb broilers (CBs). The growth and meat quality characteristics of these two indigenous breeds were found to differ from CB. In particular, the crude fat (CF), inosine monophosphate content, amino acid (AA), and total fatty acid (TFA) content of WDs were significantly higher than those of CBs and MCs. In addition, it was found that MC pectoralis had 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to CBs, and WDs had 217 DEGs relative to CBs. Among them, 105 DEGs were shared. The results of 10 selected genes were also confirmed by qPCR. The differentially expressed genes were six enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathways including lysosomes, phagosomes, PPAR signaling pathways, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and phagosome sphingolipid metabolism. Interestingly, four genes (LPL, GK, SCD, and FABP7) in the PPAR signal pathway related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism were elevated in WD muscles, which may account for higher CF, inosine monophosphate content, and AA and FA contents, key factors affecting meat quality. This work laid the foundation for improving the meat quality of Yunnan indigenous chickens, especially WD. In future molecular breeding, the genes in this study can be used as molecular screening markers and applied to the molecular breeding of chicken quality characteristics.
摘要：
家禽是世界上需求量很大的肉类来源。肉类的质量是购物者的当务之急。探索控制肉品质特性的基因，云南两个地方鸡种的生长和肉质性状及肌肉转录组，武定鸡（WDs）和大围山迷你鸡（MC），与Cobb肉鸡（CBs）进行了比较。发现这两个本地品种的生长和肉质特征与CB不同。特别是,粗脂肪（CF），肌苷一磷酸含量，氨基酸(AA),WDs的总脂肪酸(TFA)含量显著高于CBs和MCs。此外,结果发现，相对于CBs，胸肌MC有420个差异表达基因(DEGs)，WDs相对于CBs有217个DEG。其中,共享了105个DEG。还通过qPCR证实了10个选择的基因的结果。差异表达的基因是六种富集的京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）生物学途径，包括溶酶体，吞噬体，PPAR信号通路,细胞粘附分子，细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用，和吞噬体鞘脂代谢。有趣的是,四个基因(LPL，GK,SCD,和FABP7)中与脂肪酸(FA)代谢有关的PPARα信号通路在WD肌肉中升高,这可能导致更高的CF，肌苷一磷酸含量，以及AA和FA内容，影响肉品质的关键因素。这项工作为提高云南土鸡的肉品质奠定了基础，尤其是WD。在未来的分子育种中，本研究中的基因可作为分子筛选标记,应用于鸡品质性状的分子育种。
