PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The biomedical applications of silicones are countless due to their outstanding properties. In dentistry, silicone for maxillofacial and plastic surgery has become indispensable, from both physiological and aesthetic points of view. In this mini-review, silicone materials for dentistry and facial prostheses are discussed, focusing on their properties and alterations when exposed for long periods to different environments. A significant number of studies reported in the literature have been conducted in vitro, mimicking some of the main degradative factors which have been identified as triggers for discoloration and deterioration of the mechanical properties. Among these, in artificial aging and accelerated natural aging studies, UV radiation is considered the most important. Other weathering factors, biological contamination, and disinfection agents may have dramatic effects as well. Several general properties of silicones are described at the beginning, with a focus on biocompatibility, cross-linking mechanisms, and applications in dentistry and maxillofacial prosthetics. We discuss the ongoing cross-linking and/or possible exudation after manufacturing, which also affects the stability of the prosthesis over time, and possibly the patient. Next, the main environmental factors that affect the prostheses in service are presented, including the role of cigarettes smoke, which has been discussed very little so far. A few aspects, such as biofilm formation, its negative effects, and proposed solutions to overcome this phenomenon regarding silicones, are also described. We conclude by proposing a set of topics for future research and development based on the gaps that have been identified in the literature. Although silicones are probably irreplaceable in maxillofacial prosthetics, improvements in terms of base materials, additives, surface treatments, and maintenance are possible and necessary for long-lasting and safer prostheses.
摘要：
有机硅的生物医学应用因其优异的性能而数不胜数。在牙科，硅胶对于颌面整形已成为不可或缺的,从生理和美学的角度来看。在这个小型审查中，讨论了用于牙科和面部假体的有机硅材料，当长时间暴露在不同的环境中时，关注它们的属性和变化。文献中报道的大量研究已经在体外进行，模仿一些主要的降解因素，这些因素已被确定为机械性能变色和劣化的触发因素。其中,在人工老化和加速自然老化研究中，紫外线辐射被认为是最重要的。其他风化因素,生物污染，和消毒剂也可能产生巨大的影响。首先描述了有机硅的几种一般特性，专注于生物相容性，交联机制，以及在牙科和颌面修复中的应用。我们讨论制造后正在进行的交联和/或可能的渗出，随着时间的推移也会影响假体的稳定性，可能还有病人.接下来,介绍了影响使用中假肢的主要环境因素，包括香烟烟雾的作用,到目前为止还很少讨论。几个方面,如生物膜的形成，其负面影响,并提出了克服这种现象的解决方案，也有描述。最后，我们根据文献中发现的差距，提出了一系列未来研究和开发的主题。虽然有机硅在颌面部修复术中可能是不可替代的，在基础材料方面的改进，添加剂,表面处理,对于持久和更安全的假肢，维护是可能和必要的。
