PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism, facilitating nutrient absorption, and supporting immune function, thereby assisting the host in adapting to seasonal dietary changes. Here, we compare the gut microbiome composition of wild gray snub-nosed monkeys during winter (from October to December) and spring (from January to March) to understand differences in seasonal nutrient intake patterns. Snub-nosed monkeys are foregut fermenters and consume difficult-to-digest carbohydrates and lichen. To examine the digestive adaptations of gray snub-nosed monkeys, we collected 14 fresh fecal samples for DNA analysis during the winter and spring. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and functional metagenomic analyses, we identified that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes constitute a keystone bacterial group in the gut microbiota during winter and spring and are responsible for degrading cellulose. Moreover, the transition in dietary composition from winter to spring was accompanied by changes in gut microbiota composition, demonstrating adaptive responses to varying food sources and availability. In winter, the bacterial species of the genera Streptococcus were found in higher abundance. At the functional level, these bacteria are involved in fructose and mannose metabolism and galactose metabolism c-related pathways, which facilitate the breakdown of glycogen, starch, and fiber found in fruits, seeds, and mature leaves. During spring, there was an increased abundance of bacteria species from the Prevotella and Lactobacillus genera, which aid the digestion of protein-rich buds. Combined, these findings reveal how the gut microbiota adjusts to fluctuations in energy balance and nutrient intake across different seasons in this critically endangered species. Moreover, we also identified Pseudomonas in two samples; the presence of potential pathogens within the gut could pose a risk to other troop members. Our findings highlight the necessity of a conservation plan that focuses on protecting vegetation and implementing measures to prevent disease transmission for this critically endangered species.
摘要：
肠道菌群在调节能量代谢中起着至关重要的作用，促进营养吸收，并支持免疫功能，从而帮助宿主适应季节性饮食变化。这里,我们比较了野灰鼻猴在冬季(10月至12月)和春季(1月至3月)的肠道微生物组组成,以了解季节性营养素摄入模式的差异.鼻鼻猴是前肠发酵罐，消耗难以消化的碳水化合物和地衣。为了检查灰金丝猴的消化适应性，我们在冬季和春季收集了14份新鲜粪便样本进行DNA分析。基于16SrRNA测序，宏基因组测序，和功能宏基因组分析，我们确定了Firmicutes，放线菌,Verrucomicrobia,和拟杆菌在冬季和春季构成肠道微生物群中的关键细菌群，并负责降解纤维素。此外，从冬季到春季的膳食组成转变伴随着肠道微生物组成的变化，展示对不同食物来源和可用性的适应性反应。在冬天,发现链球菌属的细菌种类较高。在功能层面,这些细菌参与果糖和甘露糖代谢和半乳糖代谢相关途径，促进糖原的分解，淀粉，和水果中的纤维，种子,成熟的叶子在春天,普雷沃氏菌属和乳杆菌属的细菌种类越来越多，帮助消化富含蛋白质的芽。合并,这些发现揭示了肠道微生物群如何适应这种极度濒危物种不同季节能量平衡和营养摄入的波动。此外，我们还在两个样本中鉴定了假单胞菌;肠道内潜在病原体的存在可能对其他部队成员构成风险.我们的发现强调了保护计划的必要性，该计划的重点是保护植被并采取措施防止这种极度濒危物种的疾病传播。
