PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The objectives of this review are to identify the nutritional challenges faced by modern sows and present potential solutions to mitigate excessive maternal tissue loss and reproductive failure as it relates to recent genetic improvements. Current feeding programs have limitations to support the rapid genetic improvements in reproductive performance for modern sows. Since 2012, both litter size at birth and fetal weight have increased by 2.26 pigs per litter and 0.22 kg per piglet, respectively, thereby increasing the nutrient needs for sows during gestation and lactation. Prediction models generated in this review predict that modern sows would need 31% more lysine during gestation when compared with current feeding programs. Physiological challenges facing modern sows are also addressed in this review. High oxidative stress, pelvic organ prolapse, and lameness can directly affect the sow, whereas these physiological challenges can have negative impacts on colostrum and milk quality. In response, there is growing interest in investigating the functional roles of select bioactive compounds as feed additives to mitigate the severity of these challenges. Selenium sources, catechins, and select plant extracts have been utilized to reduce oxidative stress, calcium chloride and phytase have been used to mitigate pelvic organ prolapse and lameness, algae and yeast derivatives have been used to improve colostrum and milk quality, and fiber sources and probiotics have been commonly utilized to improve sow intestinal health. Collectively, this review demonstrates the unique challenges associated with managing the feeding programs for modern sows and the opportunities for revision of the amino acid requirements as well as the use of select bioactive compounds to improve reproductive performance.
摘要：
这篇综述的目的是确定现代母猪面临的营养挑战，并提出潜在的解决方案，以减轻过度的母体组织损失和繁殖失败，因为它与最近的遗传改善有关。当前的饲喂计划在支持现代母猪繁殖性能的快速遗传改善方面具有局限性。自2012年以来，出生时的产仔数和胎儿体重均增加了每窝2.26头猪和每头仔猪0.22公斤，分别,从而增加母猪在妊娠和哺乳期的营养需求。这篇评论中生成的预测模型预测，与当前的饲喂程序相比，现代母猪在妊娠期间需要的赖氨酸增加31％。本文还讨论了现代母猪面临的生理挑战。高氧化应激，盆腔器官脱垂,跛行可以直接影响母猪，而这些生理挑战会对初乳和牛奶质量产生负面影响。作为回应,人们对研究选择生物活性化合物作为饲料添加剂的功能作用以减轻这些挑战的严重性越来越感兴趣。硒源，儿茶素,并选择植物提取物已被用于减少氧化应激，氯化钙和植酸酶已用于减轻盆腔器官脱垂和跛行，藻类和酵母衍生物已用于改善初乳和牛奶质量，和纤维来源和益生菌已普遍用于改善母猪肠道健康。总的来说，这篇综述展示了与管理现代母猪饲养计划相关的独特挑战，以及修订氨基酸要求以及使用选定的生物活性化合物来提高繁殖性能的机会。
