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Abstract：
The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges for managers overseeing women\'s harm reduction centers. This study seeks to capture managers\' perspectives on the service providing in women\'s harm reduction centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This convergent mixed-method study conducted in three provinces of Iran: Tehran, Khuzestan, and Kermanshah. The study was carried out between January and May 2023. In the quantitative part, the researchers utilized reports from 10 center managers. A researcher-designed questionnaire was employed to collect data on a wide range of services and referrals provided by the centers. The qualitative part of the research involved conventional content analysis and included 12 individual interviews. Two directors from the Ministry of Health and ten managers of women\'s harm reduction centers participated in the interviews. During the interpretation phase, the researchers compared the quantitative and qualitative findings to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
During the quantitative stage of the study, it was observed that all the managers were women, with an average age of 40.7 ± 7 years. More than half of the managers had obtained a postgraduate education (n = 6, 60%), and a majority of them were married (n = 7, 70%). Additionally, 40% of the managers (n = 4) were working as contractors. During the non-COVID-19 period, there were higher coverage by centers and residents, more referrals of non-injecting drug users and sex workers, and a higher number of group counseling sessions in all three provinces compared to the COVID-19 period. The qualitative analysis revealed two primary themes: \"challenges\" and \"capabilities.\"
During the COVID-19 pandemic, providing some services and client referrals decreased in the centers, and center managers faced increased challenges. Many of these challenges were in the communication, executive, management, structure, education, financial, civilization, facilities, and socio-cultural sectors. Managers used their skills to manage and control these challenges. It is important to focus on these challenges and managerial capabilities to effectively handle future crises.
This convergent mixed-method study conducted in three provinces of Iran: Tehran, Khuzestan, and Kermanshah. The study was carried out between January and May 2023. In the quantitative part, the researchers utilized reports from 10 center managers. A researcher-designed questionnaire was employed to collect data on a wide range of services and referrals provided by the centers. The qualitative part of the research involved conventional content analysis and included 12 individual interviews. Two directors from the Ministry of Health and ten managers of women\'s harm reduction centers participated in the interviews. During the interpretation phase, the researchers compared the quantitative and qualitative findings to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
During the quantitative stage of the study, it was observed that all the managers were women, with an average age of 40.7 ± 7 years. More than half of the managers had obtained a postgraduate education (n = 6, 60%), and a majority of them were married (n = 7, 70%). Additionally, 40% of the managers (n = 4) were working as contractors. During the non-COVID-19 period, there were higher coverage by centers and residents, more referrals of non-injecting drug users and sex workers, and a higher number of group counseling sessions in all three provinces compared to the COVID-19 period. The qualitative analysis revealed two primary themes: \"challenges\" and \"capabilities.\"
During the COVID-19 pandemic, providing some services and client referrals decreased in the centers, and center managers faced increased challenges. Many of these challenges were in the communication, executive, management, structure, education, financial, civilization, facilities, and socio-cultural sectors. Managers used their skills to manage and control these challenges. It is important to focus on these challenges and managerial capabilities to effectively handle future crises.
摘要：
背景：COVID-19大流行给监督女性减害中心的管理人员带来了重大挑战。这项研究旨在捕捉管理人员对COVID-19大流行期间女性减害中心提供服务的看法。
方法：在伊朗三个省进行的融合混合方法研究：德黑兰，Khuzestan,和Kermanshah.这项研究是在2023年1月至5月之间进行的。在定量部分，研究人员利用了10名中心经理的报告。采用研究人员设计的问卷来收集有关中心提供的各种服务和推荐的数据。研究的定性部分涉及常规的内容分析，包括12次个人访谈。卫生部的两名主任和妇女减害中心的十位经理参加了访谈。在口译阶段,研究人员比较了定量和定性的发现，以获得对主题的全面理解。
结果：在研究的定量阶段，据观察，所有的经理都是女性，平均年龄为40.7±7岁。超过一半的管理人员获得了研究生教育(n=6，60%)，他们中的大多数人已婚（n=7，70％）。此外,40%的管理人员(n=4)是承包商。在非COVID-19期间，中心和居民的覆盖率更高，更多非注射吸毒者和性工作者的转介，与COVID-19期间相比，所有三个省的团体咨询会议数量都更多。定性分析揭示了两个主要主题：“挑战”和“能力”。\"
结论：在COVID-19大流行期间，中心提供的一些服务和客户推荐减少，和中心经理面临越来越多的挑战。其中许多挑战都在沟通中，Executive,管理,结构,教育,金融,文明,设施,和社会文化部门。管理者利用他们的技能来管理和控制这些挑战。重要的是要关注这些挑战和管理能力，以便有效应对未来的危机。
方法：在伊朗三个省进行的融合混合方法研究：德黑兰，Khuzestan,和Kermanshah.这项研究是在2023年1月至5月之间进行的。在定量部分，研究人员利用了10名中心经理的报告。采用研究人员设计的问卷来收集有关中心提供的各种服务和推荐的数据。研究的定性部分涉及常规的内容分析，包括12次个人访谈。卫生部的两名主任和妇女减害中心的十位经理参加了访谈。在口译阶段,研究人员比较了定量和定性的发现，以获得对主题的全面理解。
结果：在研究的定量阶段，据观察，所有的经理都是女性，平均年龄为40.7±7岁。超过一半的管理人员获得了研究生教育(n=6，60%)，他们中的大多数人已婚（n=7，70％）。此外,40%的管理人员(n=4)是承包商。在非COVID-19期间，中心和居民的覆盖率更高，更多非注射吸毒者和性工作者的转介，与COVID-19期间相比，所有三个省的团体咨询会议数量都更多。定性分析揭示了两个主要主题：“挑战”和“能力”。\"
结论：在COVID-19大流行期间，中心提供的一些服务和客户推荐减少，和中心经理面临越来越多的挑战。其中许多挑战都在沟通中，Executive,管理,结构,教育,金融,文明,设施,和社会文化部门。管理者利用他们的技能来管理和控制这些挑战。重要的是要关注这些挑战和管理能力，以便有效应对未来的危机。
