PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance endangers both human and animal life, necessitating the urgent discovery of novel antimicrobial solutions. Medicinal plants hold promise as sources of potential antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents and microbicidal capabilities of the ethanolic extract from Nigella sativa (black seed). Gas chromatography analysis (GC) identified 11 compounds, among them thymoquinone, and thymol, contributing to antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated notable inhibition zones against broad spectra of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter, and Bacillus subtilis, along with potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, and Candida albicans. Notably, when combined with antibiotics, the extract displayed exceptional synergistic antimicrobial efficacy. The black seed extract demonstrated membrane-damaging activity and disrupted virulence factors that protect microbes from antimicrobial agents, including the formation of bacterial biofilm and protease secretion. Thymoquinone, the primary active constituent of the extract, exhibited similar antimicrobial and ant virulence properties. In silico analysis targeting key regulators of quorum sensing and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa, such as RhlG, LasR, and PqsR, showed a remarkable affinity of thymol and thymoquinone for these targets. Moreover, the N. sativa extract exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against both the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania tropica parasites, hinting at potential antiparasitic activity. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, the extract displayed potential antioxidant activity at a concentration of 400 μg/mL.
摘要：
全球日益增长的抗菌素耐药性威胁危及人类和动物生命，迫切需要发现新的抗微生物溶液。药用植物有望成为潜在的抗菌化合物的来源。在这项研究中,我们研究了植物化学成分和杀菌能力的乙醇提取物从黑麦草（黑种子）。气相色谱分析(GC)鉴定出11种化合物,其中百里香醌，和百里酚,有助于抗菌和抗氧化性能。抗菌试验证明了对广谱细菌的显著抑制区，包括铜绿假单胞菌,大肠杆菌,伤寒沙门氏菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,肠杆菌,和枯草芽孢杆菌,以及对黑曲霉的有效抗真菌活性，青霉,和白色念珠菌.值得注意的是,当与抗生素联合使用时，该提取物显示出优异的协同抗菌功效。黑色种子提取物表现出破坏膜的活性和破坏的毒力因子，保护微生物免受抗菌剂的侵害，包括细菌生物膜的形成和蛋白酶的分泌。胸腺醌,提取物的主要活性成分，表现出相似的抗微生物和蚂蚁毒力特性。针对铜绿假单胞菌群体感应和生物膜形成的关键调节剂的计算机模拟分析，比如RhlG,LasR,和PqsR，显示百里酚和百里香醌对这些靶标的显着亲和力。此外，紫花苜蓿提取物对利什曼原虫和天牛的寄生虫都表现出剂量依赖性的细胞毒性，暗示潜在的抗寄生虫活性。除了其抗菌性能，提取物在400μg/mL的浓度下显示出潜在的抗氧化活性。
