PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Many newly emerging and re-emerging viruses have neuroinvasive potential, underscoring viral encephalitis as a global research priority. Upon entry of the virus into the CNS, severe neurological life-threatening conditions may manifest that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The currently available therapeutic arsenal against viral encephalitis is rather limited, emphasizing the need to better understand the conditions of local antiviral immunity within the infected CNS. In this review, we discuss new insights into the pathophysiology of viral encephalitis, with a focus on myeloid cells and CD8+ T cells, which critically contribute to protection against viral CNS infection. By illuminating the prerequisites of myeloid and T cell activation, discussing new discoveries regarding their transcriptional signatures, and dissecting the mechanisms of their recruitment to sites of viral replication within the CNS, we aim to further delineate the complexity of antiviral responses within the infected CNS. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge in the field of virus infection and neurodegeneration and discuss the potential links of some neurotropic viruses with certain pathological hallmarks observed in neurodegeneration.
摘要：
许多新出现和重新出现的病毒具有神经侵入潜力，强调病毒性脑炎是全球研究重点。病毒进入中枢神经系统后，严重的危及生命的神经系统疾病可能表现为与高发病率和高死亡率相关.目前可用的病毒性脑炎治疗库相当有限，强调需要更好地了解受感染的CNS内的局部抗病毒免疫状况。在这次审查中,我们讨论了病毒性脑炎病理生理学的新见解，重点是骨髓细胞和CD8+T细胞，这对防止病毒中枢神经系统感染至关重要。通过阐明髓样和T细胞活化的先决条件，讨论关于它们转录特征的新发现，并解剖它们募集到中枢神经系统内病毒复制位点的机制，我们的目标是进一步描述感染的CNS内抗病毒反应的复杂性.此外，我们总结了目前在病毒感染和神经变性领域的知识，并讨论了一些亲神经病毒与神经变性中观察到的某些病理标志的潜在联系。
