Abstract：
Preliminary experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that common carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultivated for two months in land-based container recirculating aquaculture systems (C-RAS) exhibit superior muscle quality compared to those raised in traditional pond systems (TP). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle quality variations in common carp cultured under two aquaculture systems, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on muscle tissues of specimens aged 11 to 23 months. Comparison of muscle histological sections between the two groups indicated a significantly lower long diameter of muscle fibers in the C-RAS group compared to the TP group (P < 0.01). Conversely, the muscle fiber density was significantly higher in the C-RAS group than in the TP group (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified 3390 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-1558 upregulated and 1832 downregulated-and 181 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs)-124 upregulated and 57 downregulated-between the groups. Based on integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, the significant differences focus on metabolic pathways involving glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and purine metabolism. The study revealed that the muscle quality of common carp in two aquaculture systems is primarily regulated through improvements in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. These metabolic processes play significant roles in promoting muscle fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy, enhancing muscle flavor, and increasing muscle antioxidant capacity. This study provides new insights into the molecular and metabolic pathways that control muscle quality in common carp under different environmental factors.
摘要：
我们实验室的初步实验表明，与传统池塘系统（TP）中养殖的鲤鱼相比，在陆基容器循环水产养殖系统（C-RAS）中养殖了两个月的鲤鱼（Cyprinuscarpio）表现出优异的肌肉质量。为了阐明在两种水产养殖系统下养殖的鲤鱼肌肉质量变化的分子机制，对11至23个月的样本的肌肉组织进行转录组和代谢组学分析。两组肌肉组织学切片的比较表明，C-RAS组的肌纤维长径明显低于TP组（P<0.01）。相反，C-RAS组肌纤维密度明显高于TP组(P<0.05)。转录组和代谢组分析确定了3390个差异表达的基因（DEGs）-1558上调和1832个下调和181个差异表达的代谢物（DEMs）-124上调和57个下调。基于整合的转录组和代谢组学分析，显著差异集中在涉及糖酵解/糖异生的代谢途径上，精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢，精氨酸生物合成，嘌呤代谢.这项研究表明，在两个水产养殖系统中，鲤鱼的肌肉质量主要是通过改善能量代谢来调节的，氨基酸代谢，脂肪酸代谢，嘌呤代谢.这些代谢过程在促进肌纤维增生和肥大中起重要作用，增强肌肉风味，增加肌肉的抗氧化能力.本研究为在不同环境因素下控制鲤鱼肌肉质量的分子和代谢途径提供了新的见解。
