Abstract：
Antibiotics are frequently employed to control bacterial diseases in honeybees, but their broad-spectrum action can disrupt the delicate balance of the gut microbiome, leading to dysbiosis. This imbalance in the gut microbiota of honeybees adversely affects their physiological health and weakens their resistance to pathogens, including viruses that significantly threaten honeybee health. In this study, we investigated whether tetracycline-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis promotes the replication of Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), a key virus associated with colony losses and whether IAPV infection exacerbates gut microbiome dysbiosis. Our results demonstrated that tetracycline-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis increases the susceptibility of honeybees to IAPV infection. The viral titer in worker bees with antibiotic-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis prior to IAPV inoculation was significantly higher than in those merely inoculated with IAPV. Furthermore, we observed a synergistic effect between tetracycline and IAPV on the disruption of the honeybee gut microbiome balance. The progression of IAPV replication could, in turn, exacerbate antibiotic-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis in honeybees. Our research provides novel insights into the role of the gut microbiota in host-virus interactions, emphasizing the complex interplay between antibiotic use, gut microbiome health, and viral susceptibility in honeybees. We highlight the crucial role of a balanced gut microbiota in honey bees for their immune response against pathogens and emphasize the importance of careful, safe antibiotic use in beekeeping to protect these beneficial microbes.
摘要：
抗生素经常被用来控制蜜蜂的细菌性疾病，但是它们的广谱作用会破坏肠道微生物组的微妙平衡，导致生态失调。蜜蜂的肠道微生物群的这种不平衡对它们的生理健康产生不利影响，并削弱了它们对病原体的抵抗力，包括严重威胁蜜蜂健康的病毒。在这项研究中,我们调查了四环素诱导的肠道微生物群失调是否促进以色列急性麻痹病毒（IAPV）的复制，与菌落丢失相关的关键病毒，以及IAPV感染是否会加剧肠道微生物群菌群失调。我们的结果表明，四环素诱导的肠道微生物群系失调增加了蜜蜂对IAPV感染的敏感性。在接种IAPV之前，患有抗生素诱导的肠道微生物群系失调的工蜂的病毒滴度明显高于仅接种IAPV的工蜂。此外，我们观察到四环素和IAPV对蜜蜂肠道微生物组平衡破坏的协同作用。IAPV复制的进展，反过来,加剧抗生素诱导的蜜蜂肠道微生物群失调。我们的研究为肠道微生物群在宿主病毒相互作用中的作用提供了新的见解，强调抗生素使用之间复杂的相互作用，肠道微生物组健康，和蜜蜂的病毒易感性。我们强调了平衡的肠道微生物群在蜜蜂对病原体的免疫反应中的关键作用，并强调了谨慎的重要性，在养蜂中使用安全的抗生素来保护这些有益的微生物。
