Abstract：
The continuous rise of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment has been a growing concern due to their potentially harmful effects on humans, animals, plants, and aquatic life, even at low concentrations. ECs include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organic dyes, heavy metals (HMs), and others. The world\'s growing population contributes to the release of many kinds of chemicals into the environment, which is estimated to be more than 200 billion metric tons annually and results in over 9 million deaths. The removal of these contaminants using conventional physical, chemical, and biological treatments has proven to be ineffective, highlighting the need for simple, effective, inexpesive, practical, and eco-friendly alternatives. Thus, this article discusses the utilization of subcritical water oxidation (SBWO) and subcritical water extraction (SBWE) techniques to remove ECS from the environment. Subcritical water (water below the critical temperature of 374.15 °C and critical pressure of 22.1 Mpa) has emerged as one of the most promising methods for remediation of ECs from the environment due to its non-toxic properties, simplicity and efficiency of application. Furthermore, the impact of temperature, pressure, treatment time, and utilization of chelating agents, organic modifiers, and oxidizing agents in the static and dynamic modes was investigated to establish the best conditions for high ECs removal efficiencies.
摘要：
由于对人类的潜在有害影响，环境中新兴污染物（EC）的持续增加越来越受到关注。动物,植物,和水生生物，即使在低浓度。EC包括人类和兽药，荷尔蒙，个人护理产品,杀虫剂,多环芳烃（PAHs），多氯联苯（PCBs），有机染料,重金属（HMs），和其他人。世界上不断增长的人口有助于向环境中释放多种化学物质，据估计，每年超过2000亿吨，导致超过900万人死亡。使用常规物理方法去除这些污染物，化学,生物治疗被证明是无效的，强调简单的需要，有效,无情的，实用,和环保的替代品。因此，本文讨论了利用亚临界水氧化（SBWO）和亚临界水萃取（SBWE）技术从环境中去除ECS。亚临界水（低于374.15°C的临界温度和22.1Mpa的临界压力的水）由于其无毒特性，已成为从环境中修复EC的最有前途的方法之一，应用程序的简单性和效率。此外，温度的影响，压力,治疗时间,和螯合剂的利用，有机改性剂,研究了静态和动态模式下的氧化剂，以建立高ECs去除效率的最佳条件。
