Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Using benzodiazepines and certain antidepressants is associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes due to impaired driving skills. Hence, several countries prohibit people who use these drugs from driving. Traffic regulations for driving under the influence of these drugs are, however, largely based on single-dose studies with healthy participants. The effects of drugs on chronic users may be different because of potential development of tolerance or by adapting behavior. In this study, we test the effects of anti-depressants, hypnotics, or anxiolytics use on driving performance in patients who use these drugs for different durations and compare the effects to healthy controls\' performance.
UNASSIGNED: Sixty-six healthy controls and 82 medication users were recruited to perform four drives in a driving simulator. Patients were divided into groups that used anti-depressants, hypnotics, or anxiolytics, for shorter or longer than 3 years (i.e. LT3- or LT3+, respectively). The minimum term of use was 6 months. Driving behavior was measured in terms of longitudinal and lateral control (speed variability and Standard Deviation of Lateral Position: SDLP), brake reaction time, and time headway. Impaired driving performance was defined as performing similar to driving with a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 0.5‰ or higher, determined by means of non-inferiority analyses.
UNASSIGNED: Reaction time analyses revealed inconclusive findings in all groups. No significant performance differences between matched healthy controls, LT3- (n = 2), and LT3+ (n = 8) anxiolytics users were found. LT3+ antidepressants users (n = 12) did not perform inferior to their matched controls in terms of SDLP. LT3- hypnotics users (n = 6) showed more speed variability than their matched healthy controls, while this effect was not found for the LT3+ group (n = 14): the latter did not perform inferior to the healthy controls. Regarding Time Headway, no conclusions about the LT3- hypnotics group could be drawn, while the LT3+ group did not perform inferior compared to the control group.
UNASSIGNED: The small number of anxiolytics users prohibits drawing conclusions about clinical relevance. Although many outcomes were inconclusive, there is evidence that some elements of complex driving performance may not be impaired (anymore) after using antidepressants or hypnotics longer than 3 years.
UNASSIGNED: Sixty-six healthy controls and 82 medication users were recruited to perform four drives in a driving simulator. Patients were divided into groups that used anti-depressants, hypnotics, or anxiolytics, for shorter or longer than 3 years (i.e. LT3- or LT3+, respectively). The minimum term of use was 6 months. Driving behavior was measured in terms of longitudinal and lateral control (speed variability and Standard Deviation of Lateral Position: SDLP), brake reaction time, and time headway. Impaired driving performance was defined as performing similar to driving with a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 0.5‰ or higher, determined by means of non-inferiority analyses.
UNASSIGNED: Reaction time analyses revealed inconclusive findings in all groups. No significant performance differences between matched healthy controls, LT3- (n = 2), and LT3+ (n = 8) anxiolytics users were found. LT3+ antidepressants users (n = 12) did not perform inferior to their matched controls in terms of SDLP. LT3- hypnotics users (n = 6) showed more speed variability than their matched healthy controls, while this effect was not found for the LT3+ group (n = 14): the latter did not perform inferior to the healthy controls. Regarding Time Headway, no conclusions about the LT3- hypnotics group could be drawn, while the LT3+ group did not perform inferior compared to the control group.
UNASSIGNED: The small number of anxiolytics users prohibits drawing conclusions about clinical relevance. Although many outcomes were inconclusive, there is evidence that some elements of complex driving performance may not be impaired (anymore) after using antidepressants or hypnotics longer than 3 years.
摘要：
■使用苯二氮卓类药物和某些抗抑郁药与由于驾驶技能受损而导致机动车撞车的风险增加有关。因此，一些国家禁止使用这些药物的人开车。在这些药物影响下驾驶的交通法规是，然而,主要基于对健康参与者的单剂量研究。由于潜在的耐受性发展或通过适应行为，药物对慢性使用者的影响可能有所不同。在这项研究中,我们测试抗抑郁药的效果，催眠药,或抗焦虑药对使用这些药物不同持续时间的患者的驾驶表现的影响，并将其与健康对照组的表现进行比较。
■招募了66名健康对照和82名药物使用者，在驾驶模拟器中进行四次驾驶。患者被分为使用抗抑郁药的组，催眠药,或抗焦虑药，短于或长于3年(即LT3-或LT3+，分别)。最短使用期限为6个月。根据纵向和横向控制（速度变异性和横向位置标准偏差：SDLP）测量驾驶行为，制动反应时间,和时间的进展。驾驶表现受损定义为血液酒精浓度为0.5‰或更高的驾驶表现类似，通过非劣效性分析确定。
■反应时间分析显示所有组的结果不确定。匹配的健康对照之间没有显著的性能差异，LT3-(n=2)，发现LT3+(n=8)抗焦虑药使用者。在SDLP方面，LT3抗抑郁药使用者（n=12）的表现不逊于其匹配的对照。LT3-催眠药使用者（n=6）比他们匹配的健康对照显示出更多的速度变异性，虽然LT3+组(n=14)没有发现这种效果:后者的表现并不低于健康对照组。关于时间进展，无法得出关于LT3-催眠药组的结论，而LT3+组的表现与对照组相比并不逊色。
■少数抗焦虑药使用者禁止得出有关临床相关性的结论。尽管许多结果没有定论，有证据表明，使用抗抑郁药或催眠药超过3年后，复杂驾驶表现的某些要素可能不会受到损害（不再）。
■招募了66名健康对照和82名药物使用者，在驾驶模拟器中进行四次驾驶。患者被分为使用抗抑郁药的组，催眠药,或抗焦虑药，短于或长于3年(即LT3-或LT3+，分别)。最短使用期限为6个月。根据纵向和横向控制（速度变异性和横向位置标准偏差：SDLP）测量驾驶行为，制动反应时间,和时间的进展。驾驶表现受损定义为血液酒精浓度为0.5‰或更高的驾驶表现类似，通过非劣效性分析确定。
■反应时间分析显示所有组的结果不确定。匹配的健康对照之间没有显著的性能差异，LT3-(n=2)，发现LT3+(n=8)抗焦虑药使用者。在SDLP方面，LT3抗抑郁药使用者（n=12）的表现不逊于其匹配的对照。LT3-催眠药使用者（n=6）比他们匹配的健康对照显示出更多的速度变异性，虽然LT3+组(n=14)没有发现这种效果:后者的表现并不低于健康对照组。关于时间进展，无法得出关于LT3-催眠药组的结论，而LT3+组的表现与对照组相比并不逊色。
■少数抗焦虑药使用者禁止得出有关临床相关性的结论。尽管许多结果没有定论，有证据表明，使用抗抑郁药或催眠药超过3年后，复杂驾驶表现的某些要素可能不会受到损害（不再）。
