PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Afghan refugees child labourers face many challenges as they are labelled as refugees. In an attempt to explore these challenges, the present study was conducted in Tehran with a qualitative approach. The present qualitative research was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach with 25 Afghan child labourers in 2022 in Tehran. Child labourers were selected through purposive and snowball sampling and interviewed in a semi-in-depth interview. The data were analysed based on Granheim and Lundman\'s criteria, as well as those of Guba and Lincoln, to further enrich the findings. A total of 3 categories, 13 sub-categories, and 183 initial codes were extracted from the data analysis, including: \"psychological challenges\" (history of harassment and abuse, negative effects, high-risk behaviours, and family detachment); \"health challenges\" (physical problems, inappropriate accommodation, medical/therapeutic problems, and health threats); and \"social challenges\" (neglected childhood, dual identity, educational limitations, inadequate social support, social isolation, and social humiliation). At the individual level, it is possible to meet the child labourers\' health needs and make them aware of the hazards of working in the streets through physical examination at certain intervals and holding training workshops on harassment prevention, anger control, prevention of high-risk behaviours, prevention of infectious diseases such as hepatitis, and strengthening self-confidence to improve health. Also, the Afghan child labourers\' work could be intervened at the social and familial level by providing accommodation in more suitable neighbourhoods, providing health insurance for child labourers, creating the chances of studying in schools, preventing dropouts, and strengthening social relations in order to improve children\'s health.
摘要：
阿富汗难民童工在被标记为难民时面临许多挑战。为了探索这些挑战，本研究是在德黑兰采用定性方法进行的。本定性研究是在2022年在德黑兰对25名阿富汗童工使用常规内容分析方法进行的。通过有目的和滚雪球抽样选择了童工，并在半深度访谈中进行了采访。数据是根据Granheim和Lundman的标准进行分析的，还有古巴和林肯，进一步丰富研究结果。共3类,13个子类别，从数据分析中提取了183个初始代码，包括：“心理挑战”(骚扰和虐待的历史，负面影响,高风险行为,和家庭脱离)；“健康挑战”(身体问题，不合适的住宿,医疗/治疗问题，和健康威胁)；和“社会挑战”(被忽视的童年，双重身份,教育的局限性，社会支持不足,社会孤立,和社会羞辱)。在个人层面,有可能满足童工的健康需求，并通过一定间隔的体检和举办防止骚扰培训讲习班，使他们意识到在街道上工作的危害，愤怒控制,预防高风险行为，预防传染病，如肝炎，增强自信心以改善健康。此外，阿富汗童工的工作可以通过在更合适的社区提供住宿，在社会和家庭层面进行干预，为童工提供健康保险，创造在学校学习的机会，防止辍学，和加强社会关系，以提高儿童的健康。
