Abstract：
Many organs of the body are susceptible to cancer development. However, striated muscles-which include skeletal and cardiac muscles-are rarely the sites of primary cancers. Most deaths from cancer arise due to complications associated with the development of secondary metastatic tumours, for which there are few effective therapies. However, as with primary cancers, the establishment of metastatic tumours in striated muscle accounts for a disproportionately small fraction of secondary tumours, relative to the proportion of body composition. Examining why primary and metastatic cancers are comparatively rare in striated muscle presents an opportunity to better understand mechanisms that can influence cancer cell biology. To gain insights into the incidence and distribution of muscle metastases, this review presents a definitive summary of the 210 case studies of metastasis in muscle published since 2010. To examine why metastases rarely form in muscles, this review considers the mechanisms currently proposed to render muscle an inhospitable environment for cancers. The \"seed and soil\" hypothesis proposes that tissues\' differences in susceptibility to metastatic colonization are due to differing host microenvironments that promote or suppress metastatic growth to varying degrees. As such, the \"soil\" within muscle may not be conducive to cancer growth. Gaining a greater understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the resistance of muscles to cancer may provide new insights into mechanisms of tumour growth and progression, and offer opportunities to leverage insights into the development of interventions with the potential to inhibit metastasis in susceptible tissues.
摘要：
身体的许多器官容易发生癌症。然而,横纹肌-包括骨骼肌和心肌-很少是原发性癌症的部位。大多数癌症死亡是由于与继发性转移性肿瘤发展相关的并发症。很少有有效的治疗方法。然而,与原发性癌症一样，横纹肌中转移性肿瘤的建立占继发性肿瘤的比例很小，相对于身体成分的比例。检查为什么原发性和转移性癌症在横纹肌中相对罕见，为更好地了解可能影响癌细胞生物学的机制提供了机会。为了深入了解肌肉转移的发生率和分布，本综述对2010年以来发表的210例肌肉转移研究进行了明确总结.为了检查为什么转移很少在肌肉中形成，这篇综述考虑了目前提出的使肌肉成为癌症不适宜环境的机制。“种子和土壤”假说提出，组织对转移性定植的敏感性差异是由于不同的宿主微环境在不同程度上促进或抑制转移性生长。因此，肌肉内的“土壤”可能不利于癌症的生长。对肌肉抵抗癌症的机制有更深入的了解，可能会为肿瘤生长和进展的机制提供新的见解。并提供机会利用对干预措施发展的见解，并有可能抑制易感组织的转移。
