Abstract：
India\'s livestock sector has been facing significant losses due to episodes of disease outbreaks since time immemorial. Hence, biosecurity measures are very important to maintain and improve animal health along with prevention of disease outbreak. Keeping these facts into consideration, the study was proposed with an objective to assess the existing biosecurity practices adopted by the commercial dairy, pig and poultry farms. The current study was undertaken in the state of Uttar Pradesh as it is the leading state in milk and meat production. A total of 120 farmers were selected randomly including 40 each practicing commercial dairy, pig and poultry farming. An ex-post facto research methodology was used with face-to-face interview and observation to collect data. The biosecurity practices were assessed under seven dimensions such as, location and design of farm, restricted access, isolation and quarantine, cleaning and disinfection, management of feed and water, disposal of carcass, manure and waste, and health management. Results elicited that about 50% of the farmers had medium level of adoption who adopted 18-34 practices out of 51 practices. The average overall adoption score was 34.17 out of 51 (67%) which makes an overall adoption gap of 33%. Maximum adoption gap was seen in case of restricted access (43%) whereas minimum gap in adoption was seen in case of management of feed and water (27%). Pig and poultry farmers showed significantly higher biosecurity measures than dairy farmers (p < 0.05). The more significant contributors to the adoption of biosecurity measures were the level of knowledge of the farmers (p < 0.01). Other factors such as education, income, herd/flock size, Information and Communication Technology utilization, number of trainings also had a significant contribution (p < 0.05) in actual implementation of biosecurity. Hence, better understanding of these measures among the farmers must be ensured by hands on training along with proper demonstration of various procedures involved in maintaining farm biosecurity is need of the hour.
摘要：
自古以来，由于疾病爆发，印度的畜牧业一直面临重大损失。因此，生物安全措施对于维持和改善动物健康以及预防疾病爆发非常重要。考虑到这些事实，这项研究的目的是评估商业乳制品采用的现有生物安全措施，猪和家禽养殖场。目前的研究是在北方邦进行的，因为它是牛奶和肉类生产的领先国家。随机选择了120个农民，其中每个40个从事商业乳制品，猪和家禽养殖。事后研究方法与面对面访谈和观察一起使用以收集数据。生物安全措施在七个方面进行了评估，例如，农场的位置和设计，限制访问,隔离和隔离，清洁和消毒，饲料和水的管理，尸体的处置，粪便和废物，和健康管理。结果表明，约有50％的农民采用了中等水平，他们在51种做法中采用了18-34种做法。平均总体采用分数为34.17分（占51分（占67％）），这使得总体采用差距为33％。在限制获取的情况下，采用率差距最大（43％），而在饲料和水管理的情况下，采用率差距最小（27％）。猪和家禽养殖户的生物安全措施明显高于奶农（p<0.05）。采用生物安全措施的更重要因素是农民的知识水平（p<0.01）。其他因素，如教育，收入,牛群/羊群大小，信息和通信技术利用，培训数量对实际实施生物安全也有显著贡献(p<0.05)。因此，必须通过动手培训以及适当演示维护农场生物安全所涉及的各种程序来确保农民对这些措施的更好理解。
