Abstract：
BACKGROUND: G1 strain Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering) has been recently released in both Europe and America as a biological control agent of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). In initial phases of classical biological control programs, it becomes imperative to evaluate the susceptibility of parasitoids to insecticides, to identify the best alternatives to adopt in an integrated pest management and organic perspective. In this study, we evaluated lethal and sublethal effects of topical application of five different insecticides classes: neonicotinoids, diamides, pyrethroids, organophosphates and spinosyns. Additionally, we tested residual toxicity in field trials in vineyards and sweet cherry orchards.
RESULTS: Adult wasps\' susceptibility to different insecticides\' classes were consistent between laboratory and field. Spinosad exhibited the highest toxicity, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.00372 of the maximum field dose, and the highest knock-down effect in field trials, causing 92.5 ± 5% of mortality at T0. λ-cyhalothrin showed sublethal effects on both male and female insects\' longevity when applied at LC30. In field trials, deltamethrin showed the highest persistence, causing significant parasitoid mortality up to 14 days after treatment. Conversely, cyantraniliprole was the least toxic active ingredient according to both topical and residual bioassays, even though its residues caused mortality up to 7 days after the treatment in the field.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that spinosad and λ-cyhalothrin are highly toxic to G. brasiliensis, making them incompatible with classical biological control programs. Cyantraniliprole exhibited lower toxicity, and may be considered a selective pesticide for the integrated management of D. suzukii. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
RESULTS: Adult wasps\' susceptibility to different insecticides\' classes were consistent between laboratory and field. Spinosad exhibited the highest toxicity, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.00372 of the maximum field dose, and the highest knock-down effect in field trials, causing 92.5 ± 5% of mortality at T0. λ-cyhalothrin showed sublethal effects on both male and female insects\' longevity when applied at LC30. In field trials, deltamethrin showed the highest persistence, causing significant parasitoid mortality up to 14 days after treatment. Conversely, cyantraniliprole was the least toxic active ingredient according to both topical and residual bioassays, even though its residues caused mortality up to 7 days after the treatment in the field.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that spinosad and λ-cyhalothrin are highly toxic to G. brasiliensis, making them incompatible with classical biological control programs. Cyantraniliprole exhibited lower toxicity, and may be considered a selective pesticide for the integrated management of D. suzukii. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
摘要：
背景：G1株Ganaspisbrasiliensis（Ihering）最近已在欧洲和美国发布，作为斑点翼果蝇的生物防治剂，果蝇（松村）。在经典生物控制计划的初始阶段，评估寄生虫对杀虫剂的敏感性变得势在必行，在综合虫害管理和有机视角下，确定可采用的最佳替代方案。在这项研究中,我们评估了局部应用五种不同杀虫剂的致死和亚致死效应：新烟碱类，二酰胺，拟除虫菊酯,有机磷酸酯和多杀菌素。此外,我们在葡萄园和甜樱桃园的田间试验中测试了残留毒性。
结果：成年黄蜂“对不同杀虫剂的敏感性”类别在实验室和野外是一致的。多沙沙表现出最高的毒性，中位致死浓度（LC50）为最大场剂量的0.00372，以及田间试验中最高的击倒效应，在T0时导致92.5±5%的死亡率。当在LC30下施用时，λ-氯氰菊酯对雄性和雌性昆虫的寿命均显示出亚致死作用。在现场试验中，溴氰菊酯表现出最高的持久性，导致显著的寄生虫死亡长达14天治疗后。相反，根据局部和残留生物测定，cyantraniliprole是毒性最小的活性成分，即使它的残留物导致死亡长达7天的治疗后在现场。
结论：我们的结果表明，多杀菌素和λ-氯氟氰菊酯对巴西赤霉素具有高毒性，使它们与经典的生物控制程序不相容。Cyantraniliprole表现出更低的毒性，并且可以被认为是一种用于D.suzukii综合管理的选择性农药。©2024作者（S）。害虫管理科学由JohnWiley&SonsLtd代表化学工业学会出版。
结果：成年黄蜂“对不同杀虫剂的敏感性”类别在实验室和野外是一致的。多沙沙表现出最高的毒性，中位致死浓度（LC50）为最大场剂量的0.00372，以及田间试验中最高的击倒效应，在T0时导致92.5±5%的死亡率。当在LC30下施用时，λ-氯氰菊酯对雄性和雌性昆虫的寿命均显示出亚致死作用。在现场试验中，溴氰菊酯表现出最高的持久性，导致显著的寄生虫死亡长达14天治疗后。相反，根据局部和残留生物测定，cyantraniliprole是毒性最小的活性成分，即使它的残留物导致死亡长达7天的治疗后在现场。
结论：我们的结果表明，多杀菌素和λ-氯氟氰菊酯对巴西赤霉素具有高毒性，使它们与经典的生物控制程序不相容。Cyantraniliprole表现出更低的毒性，并且可以被认为是一种用于D.suzukii综合管理的选择性农药。©2024作者（S）。害虫管理科学由JohnWiley&SonsLtd代表化学工业学会出版。
