Abstract：
This study evaluated the ability of two penetrating captive bolt (PCB) types (PISTOL, INLINE) to reach and disrupt the thalamus when applied in two placements (FRONTAL, BEHIND EAR) to chilled cadaver heads (N=60) from sows > 200 kg. Heads were randomly distributed across six treatments (n=10): FRONTAL-INLINE, FRONTAL-PISTOL, FRONTAL-NO SHOT, BEHIND EAR-INLINE, BEHIND EAR-PISTOL, and BEHIND EAR-NO SHOT. The FRONTAL shot was placed 3.5 cm superior to the optic orbits at the midline; the BEHIND EAR shot was placed directly caudal to the pinna of the ear on the same plane as the eyes and targeting the middle of the opposite eye. For INLINE treatments, a Jarvis PAS-Type C 0.25R Super Heavy Duty PCB with a Long Bolt and 6.0 GR power loads was used. For PISTOL treatments, a Jarvis PAS-Type P 0.25R Pistol PCB with a Long Stunning Rod Nosepiece Assembly and 3.5 GR power loads was used. Heads were split along the bolt with a band saw. Tissue depth measurements are reported as Mean ± SE followed by 97.5% one-sided upper reference limit (URL). Total tissue thickness was less (P < 0.0001) at the FRONTAL (56.31±1.76 mm; URL: 73.17 mm) than the BEHIND EAR placement (95.52±3.30 mm; URL: 126.53 mm). Thalamic depth was less (P < 0.0001) at the FRONTAL (78.31±1.32 mm; URL: 88.19 mm) than the BEHIND EAR placement (111.86±3.22 mm; URL: 135.99 mm). Effective angle was greater (P < 0.0001) at the FRONTAL (4.72±0.20°) than the BEHIND EAR placement (3.22±0.17°). Potential for bolt-brain contact was not different (P = 1.0000) between FRONTAL-INLINE (10/10, 100±0.01%), FRONTAL-PISTOL (10/10, 100±0.01%), BEHIND EAR-INLINE (9/10, 90±9.49%), and BEHIND EAR-PISTOL (10/10, 100±0.01%); brain damage (P = 0.5577) between FRONTAL-INLINE (9/9, 100±0.02%), FRONTAL-PISTOL (10/10, 100±0.02%), BEHIND EAR-INLINE (4/10, 40±15.49%), and BEHIND EAR-PISTOL (1/10, 10±9.49%); potential for bolt-thalamus contact (P = 0.0683) for FRONTAL-INLINE (2/10, 20±12.65%), FRONTAL-PISTOL (8/10, 80±12.65%), BEHIND EAR-INLINE (7/9, 77.78±13.86%), and BEHIND EAR-PISTOL (9/9, 100±0.02%); or thalamic damage (P = 0.8041) for FRONTAL-INLINE (1/10, 10±9.49%), FRONTAL-PISTOL (1/10, 10±9.49%), BEHIND EAR-INLINE (2/8, 25±15.31%), and BEHIND EAR-PISTOL (0/9, 0±0.00%). The FRONTAL placement with an INLINE PCB may present the least risk of failure for the PCB euthanasia of mature sows > 200 kg BW due to less total tissue thickness and thalamic depth, greater effective angle, and prevalent brain damage.
摘要：
本研究评估了两种穿透系留螺栓(PCB)类型的能力(PISTOL，INLINE）以两种放置方式应用时到达并破坏丘脑（正面，耳朵后面）到母猪的冷冻尸体头部（N=60）>200kg。头随机分布在六种处理中（n=10）：正面-内联，正面活塞,正面-不开枪,在耳朵后面，在耳朵后面,在耳朵后面-不开枪。前端镜头放置在中线视神经轨道上方3.5厘米处；将BEHINDEAR镜头直接放在耳朵耳廓的尾部，与眼睛在同一平面上，并瞄准另一只眼睛的中部。对于内联治疗，使用带有长螺栓和6.0GR功率负载的JarvisPASC型0.25R超重型PCB。对于PISTOL治疗，使用了JarvisPAS-TypeP0.25R手枪PCB，带有长眩晕杆鼻架组件和3.5GR功率负载。用带锯沿着螺栓劈开头。组织深度测量结果报告为平均值±SE,随后为97.5%单侧参考上限(URL)。前部（56.31±1.76mm；URL：73.17mm）的总组织厚度小于后耳放置（95.52±3.30mm；URL：126.53mm）（P<0.0001）。前段（78.31±1.32mm；URL：88.19mm）的丘脑深度小于耳后放置（111.86±3.22mm；URL：135.99mm）（P<0.0001）。正面(4.72±0.20°)的有效角大于(P<0.0001)后耳放置(3.22±0.17°)。FRONTAL-INLINE（10/10，100±0.01％）之间的螺栓-脑接触电位没有差异（P=1.0000），前活塞(10/10,100±0.01%),后耳内联(9/10,90±9.49%),并在耳后（10/10，100±0.01％）；前部-内线（9/9，100±0.02％）之间的脑损伤（P=0.5577），前活塞(10/10,100±0.02%),后耳内联(4/10,40±15.49%),和后耳活塞(1/10,10±9.49%);螺栓-丘脑接触的可能性(P=0.0683)为前端-内联(2/10,20±12.65%),前活塞(8/10,80±12.65%),后耳内联(7/9,77.78±13.86%),并且在耳后（9/9，100±0.02％）；或前部-内线（1/10，10±9.49％）的丘脑损伤（P=0.8041），前活塞(1/10,10±9.49%),后耳内联(2/8,25±15.31%),并在耳后(0/9,0±0.00%)。由于总组织厚度和丘脑深度较小，对于>200kgBW的成熟母猪的PCB安乐死，具有INLINEPCB的FRONTAL放置可能存在最小的失败风险，更大的有效角,和普遍的脑损伤。
