Abstract：
ΟBJECTIVES: Although Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis, and leprosy are the three most common mycobacterial diseases, One Health dimensions of these infections remain poorly understood. This narrative review aims at exploring the scientific literature with respect to the presence of animal reservoir(s) and other environmental sources for the pathogens of these infections, their role in transmission to humans and the research on/practical implementation of One Health relevant control efforts.
METHODS: The literature review was conducted using the online databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar, reviewing articles that were written in English in the last 15 years. Grey literature, published by intergovernmental agencies, was also reviewed.
RESULTS: For the pathogen of Buruli ulcer, evidence suggests possums as a possible animal reservoir and thus having an active role in disease transmission to humans. Cattle and some wildlife species are deemed as established animal reservoirs for tuberculosis pathogens, with a non-negligible proportion of infections in humans being of zoonotic origin. Armadillos constitute an established animal reservoir for leprosy pathogens with the transmission of the disease from armadillos to humans being deemed possible. Lentic environments, soil and other aquatic sources may represent further abiotic reservoirs for viable Buruli ulcer and leprosy pathogens infecting humans. Ongoing investigation and implementation of public health measures, targeting (sapro)zoonotic transmission can be found in all three diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy exhibit important yet still poorly understood One Health aspects. Despite the microbiological affinity of the respective causative mycobacteria, considerable differences in their animal reservoirs, potential environmental sources and modes of zoonotic transmission are being observed. Whether these differences reflect actual variations between these diseases or rather knowledge gaps remains unclear. For improved disease control, further investigation of zoonotic aspects of all three diseases and formulation of One Health relevant interventions is urgently needed.
METHODS: The literature review was conducted using the online databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar, reviewing articles that were written in English in the last 15 years. Grey literature, published by intergovernmental agencies, was also reviewed.
RESULTS: For the pathogen of Buruli ulcer, evidence suggests possums as a possible animal reservoir and thus having an active role in disease transmission to humans. Cattle and some wildlife species are deemed as established animal reservoirs for tuberculosis pathogens, with a non-negligible proportion of infections in humans being of zoonotic origin. Armadillos constitute an established animal reservoir for leprosy pathogens with the transmission of the disease from armadillos to humans being deemed possible. Lentic environments, soil and other aquatic sources may represent further abiotic reservoirs for viable Buruli ulcer and leprosy pathogens infecting humans. Ongoing investigation and implementation of public health measures, targeting (sapro)zoonotic transmission can be found in all three diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy exhibit important yet still poorly understood One Health aspects. Despite the microbiological affinity of the respective causative mycobacteria, considerable differences in their animal reservoirs, potential environmental sources and modes of zoonotic transmission are being observed. Whether these differences reflect actual variations between these diseases or rather knowledge gaps remains unclear. For improved disease control, further investigation of zoonotic aspects of all three diseases and formulation of One Health relevant interventions is urgently needed.
摘要：
对象：虽然布鲁里溃疡，结核病,麻风病是三种最常见的分枝杆菌疾病，这些感染的一个健康方面仍然知之甚少。这篇叙述性综述旨在探索有关这些感染的病原体的动物水库和其他环境来源的科学文献。它们在传播给人类中的作用以及“一个健康”相关控制工作的研究/实际实施。
方法：使用在线数据库PubMed进行文献综述，Scopus,ProQuest和谷歌学者，回顾过去15年用英语写的文章。灰色文学，由政府间机构出版，也被审查了。
结果：对于布鲁里溃疡的病原体，有证据表明负鼠是一种可能的动物宿主，因此在疾病向人类传播中具有积极作用。牛和一些野生动物物种被认为是结核病病原体的既定动物水库，人类感染中不可忽视的比例是人畜共患的。Armadillos构成了麻风病病原体的既定动物库，认为可以将疾病从Armadillos传播给人类。宽松的环境，土壤和其他水生来源可能代表了感染人类的可行布鲁里溃疡和麻风病病原体的进一步非生物储库。持续调查和实施公共卫生措施，在所有三种疾病中都可以发现靶向（sapro）人畜共患传播。
结论：布鲁里溃疡，结核病和麻风病表现出重要的但仍然知之甚少一个健康方面。尽管各自的致病性分枝杆菌具有微生物亲和力，他们的动物水库有很大的差异，正在观察到潜在的环境来源和人畜共患传播方式。这些差异是否反映了这些疾病之间的实际差异，或者更确切地说，知识差距尚不清楚。为了改善疾病控制，迫切需要对所有三种疾病的人畜共患方面进行进一步调查，并制定与“一个健康”相关的干预措施。
方法：使用在线数据库PubMed进行文献综述，Scopus,ProQuest和谷歌学者，回顾过去15年用英语写的文章。灰色文学，由政府间机构出版，也被审查了。
结果：对于布鲁里溃疡的病原体，有证据表明负鼠是一种可能的动物宿主，因此在疾病向人类传播中具有积极作用。牛和一些野生动物物种被认为是结核病病原体的既定动物水库，人类感染中不可忽视的比例是人畜共患的。Armadillos构成了麻风病病原体的既定动物库，认为可以将疾病从Armadillos传播给人类。宽松的环境，土壤和其他水生来源可能代表了感染人类的可行布鲁里溃疡和麻风病病原体的进一步非生物储库。持续调查和实施公共卫生措施，在所有三种疾病中都可以发现靶向（sapro）人畜共患传播。
结论：布鲁里溃疡，结核病和麻风病表现出重要的但仍然知之甚少一个健康方面。尽管各自的致病性分枝杆菌具有微生物亲和力，他们的动物水库有很大的差异，正在观察到潜在的环境来源和人畜共患传播方式。这些差异是否反映了这些疾病之间的实际差异，或者更确切地说，知识差距尚不清楚。为了改善疾病控制，迫切需要对所有三种疾病的人畜共患方面进行进一步调查，并制定与“一个健康”相关的干预措施。
