Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has been linked to impaired placental and fetal brain development. Assessing the placenta and fetal brain in parallel may help further our understanding of the relationship between development of these organs.
OBJECTIVE: 1) Placental and fetal brain oxygenation are correlated, 2) oxygenation in these organs is reduced in CHD compared to healthy controls, and 3) placental structure is altered in CHD.
METHODS: Retrospective case-control.
METHODS: Fifty-one human fetuses with CHD (32 male; median [IQR] gestational age [GA] = 32.0 [30.9-32.9] weeks) and 30 from uncomplicated pregnancies with normal birth outcomes (18 male; median [IQR] GA = 34.5 [31.9-36.7] weeks).
UNASSIGNED: 1.5 T single-shot multi-echo-gradient-echo echo-planar imaging.
RESULTS: Masking was performed using an automated nnUnet model. Mean brain and placental T2* and quantitative measures of placental texture, volume, and morphology were calculated.
METHODS: Spearman\'s correlation coefficient for determining the association between brain and placental T2*, and between brain and placental characteristics with GA. P-values for comparing brain T2*, placenta T2*, and placental characteristics between groups derived from ANOVA. Significance level P < 0.05.
RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between placental and fetal brain T2* (⍴ = 0.46). Placental and fetal brain T2* showed a significant negative correlation with GA (placental T2* ⍴ = -0.65; fetal brain T2* ⍴ = -0.32). Both placental and fetal brain T2* values were significantly reduced in CHD, after adjusting for GA (placental T2*: control = 97 [±24] msec, CHD = 83 [±23] msec; brain T2*: control = 218 [±26] msec, CHD = 202 [±25] msec). Placental texture and morphology were also significantly altered in CHD (Texture: control = 0.84 [0.83-0.87], CHD = 0.80 [0.78-0.84]; Morphology: control = 9.9 [±2.2], CHD = 10.8 [±2.0]). For all fetuses, there was a significant positive association between placental T2* and placental texture (⍴ = 0.46).
CONCLUSIONS: Placental and fetal brain T2* values are associated in healthy fetuses and those with CHD. Placental and fetal brain oxygenation are reduced in CHD. Placental appearance is significantly altered in CHD and shows associations with placental oxygenation, suggesting altered placental development and function may be related.
METHODS: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
OBJECTIVE: 1) Placental and fetal brain oxygenation are correlated, 2) oxygenation in these organs is reduced in CHD compared to healthy controls, and 3) placental structure is altered in CHD.
METHODS: Retrospective case-control.
METHODS: Fifty-one human fetuses with CHD (32 male; median [IQR] gestational age [GA] = 32.0 [30.9-32.9] weeks) and 30 from uncomplicated pregnancies with normal birth outcomes (18 male; median [IQR] GA = 34.5 [31.9-36.7] weeks).
UNASSIGNED: 1.5 T single-shot multi-echo-gradient-echo echo-planar imaging.
RESULTS: Masking was performed using an automated nnUnet model. Mean brain and placental T2* and quantitative measures of placental texture, volume, and morphology were calculated.
METHODS: Spearman\'s correlation coefficient for determining the association between brain and placental T2*, and between brain and placental characteristics with GA. P-values for comparing brain T2*, placenta T2*, and placental characteristics between groups derived from ANOVA. Significance level P < 0.05.
RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between placental and fetal brain T2* (⍴ = 0.46). Placental and fetal brain T2* showed a significant negative correlation with GA (placental T2* ⍴ = -0.65; fetal brain T2* ⍴ = -0.32). Both placental and fetal brain T2* values were significantly reduced in CHD, after adjusting for GA (placental T2*: control = 97 [±24] msec, CHD = 83 [±23] msec; brain T2*: control = 218 [±26] msec, CHD = 202 [±25] msec). Placental texture and morphology were also significantly altered in CHD (Texture: control = 0.84 [0.83-0.87], CHD = 0.80 [0.78-0.84]; Morphology: control = 9.9 [±2.2], CHD = 10.8 [±2.0]). For all fetuses, there was a significant positive association between placental T2* and placental texture (⍴ = 0.46).
CONCLUSIONS: Placental and fetal brain T2* values are associated in healthy fetuses and those with CHD. Placental and fetal brain oxygenation are reduced in CHD. Placental appearance is significantly altered in CHD and shows associations with placental oxygenation, suggesting altered placental development and function may be related.
METHODS: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
摘要：
背景：先天性心脏病（CHD）与胎盘和胎儿脑发育受损有关。平行评估胎盘和胎儿大脑可能有助于进一步了解这些器官发育之间的关系。
目的：1)胎盘和胎儿脑氧合相关，2）与健康对照相比，CHD中这些器官的氧合减少，3)CHD胎盘结构改变。
方法：回顾性病例对照。
方法：51例CHD胎儿（32例男性；中位[IQR]孕龄[GA]=32.0[30.9-32.9]周），30例正常分娩结局的无并发症妊娠（18例男性；中位[IQR]GA=34.5[31.9-36.7]周）。
■1.5T单发多回波-梯度-回波-平面成像。
结果：使用自动nnUnet模型进行屏蔽。平均脑和胎盘T2*和胎盘质地的定量测量，volume,并进行了形态学计算。
方法：用于确定大脑与胎盘T2*之间关联的Spearman相关系数，与GA的脑和胎盘特征之间的关系。用于比较大脑T2*的P值，胎盘T2*,和来自方差分析的组间胎盘特征。显著水平P<0.05。
结果：胎盘和胎儿脑T2*之间存在显著正相关（=0.46）。胎盘和胎儿脑T2*与GA呈显着负相关（胎盘T2*=-0.65；胎儿脑T2*=-0.32）。CHD的胎盘和胎儿脑T2*值均显著降低，调整GA后（胎盘T2*：对照=97[±24]毫秒，CHD=83[±23]毫秒;脑T2*:对照=218[±26]毫秒,CHD=202[±25]毫秒)。CHD的胎盘质地和形态也有显著改变（质地：对照=0.84[0.83-0.87]，CHD=0.80[0.78-0.84];形态学:对照=9.9[±2.2],CHD=10.8[±2.0])。对所有胎儿来说,胎盘T2*与胎盘质地呈显著正相关(=0.46)。
结论：胎盘和胎儿大脑T2*值与健康胎儿和冠心病胎儿相关。CHD患者胎盘和胎儿脑氧合降低。CHD患者胎盘外观显著改变，并显示与胎盘氧合相关，提示胎盘发育和功能改变可能有关。
方法：3技术效果：第3阶段。
目的：1)胎盘和胎儿脑氧合相关，2）与健康对照相比，CHD中这些器官的氧合减少，3)CHD胎盘结构改变。
方法：回顾性病例对照。
方法：51例CHD胎儿（32例男性；中位[IQR]孕龄[GA]=32.0[30.9-32.9]周），30例正常分娩结局的无并发症妊娠（18例男性；中位[IQR]GA=34.5[31.9-36.7]周）。
■1.5T单发多回波-梯度-回波-平面成像。
结果：使用自动nnUnet模型进行屏蔽。平均脑和胎盘T2*和胎盘质地的定量测量，volume,并进行了形态学计算。
方法：用于确定大脑与胎盘T2*之间关联的Spearman相关系数，与GA的脑和胎盘特征之间的关系。用于比较大脑T2*的P值，胎盘T2*,和来自方差分析的组间胎盘特征。显著水平P<0.05。
结果：胎盘和胎儿脑T2*之间存在显著正相关（
结论：胎盘和胎儿大脑T2*值与健康胎儿和冠心病胎儿相关。CHD患者胎盘和胎儿脑氧合降低。CHD患者胎盘外观显著改变，并显示与胎盘氧合相关，提示胎盘发育和功能改变可能有关。
方法：3技术效果：第3阶段。
