PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Cell death is an important process in the body, as it occurs throughout every tissue during development, disease, and tissue regeneration. Phagocytes are responsible for clearing away dying cells and are typically characterized as either professional or nonprofessional phagocytes. Professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, are found in nearly every part of the body while nonprofessional phagocytes, such as epithelial cells, are found in every tissue type. However, there are organs that are considered \"immune-privileged\" as they have little to no immune surveillance and rely on nonprofessional phagocytes to engulf dying cells. These organs are surrounded by barriers to protect the tissue from viruses, bacteria, and perhaps even immune cells. The Drosophila ovary is considered immune-privileged, however the presence of hemocytes, the macrophages of Drosophila, around the ovary suggests they may have a potential function. Here we analyze hemocyte localization and potential functions in response to starvation-induced cell death in the ovary. Hemocytes were found to accumulate in the oviduct in the vicinity of mature eggs and follicle cell debris. Genetic ablation of hemocytes revealed that the presence of hemocytes affects oogenesis and that they phagocytose ovarian cell debris and in their absence fecundity decreases. Unpaired3, an IL-6 like cytokine, was found to be required for the recruitment of hemocytes to the oviduct to clear away obsolete follicle cells. These findings demonstrate a role for hemocytes in the ovary, providing a more thorough understanding of phagocyte communication and cell clearance in a previously thought immune-privileged organ.
摘要：
细胞死亡是人体内的一个重要过程,因为它在发育过程中发生在每个组织中，疾病,和组织再生。吞噬细胞负责清除垂死的细胞，通常以专业或非专业吞噬细胞为特征。专业吞噬细胞，比如巨噬细胞，几乎存在于身体的每个部位，而非专业吞噬细胞，如上皮细胞，在每种组织类型中都有发现。然而,有些器官被认为是“免疫特权”，因为它们几乎没有或没有免疫监视，并且依靠非专业吞噬细胞吞噬垂死的细胞。这些器官被屏障包围以保护组织免受病毒侵害，细菌,甚至可能是免疫细胞。果蝇卵巢被认为是免疫特权，然而血细胞的存在，果蝇的巨噬细胞，卵巢周围表明它们可能有潜在的功能。在这里，我们分析了卵巢中饥饿诱导的细胞死亡的血细胞定位和潜在功能。发现血细胞积聚在成熟卵和卵泡细胞碎片附近的输卵管中。血细胞的遗传消融表明，血细胞的存在会影响卵子发生，并且它们吞噬卵巢细胞碎片，并且在没有血细胞的情况下，繁殖力降低。Unpaired3，一种IL-6样细胞因子，发现将血细胞募集到输卵管以清除过时的卵泡细胞是必需的。这些发现证明了血细胞在卵巢中的作用，在以前认为的免疫特权器官中，提供了对吞噬细胞通讯和细胞清除的更透彻的了解。
