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Abstract：
Exosomes, as a class of small extracellular vesicles closely related to the biological behavior of various types of tumors, are currently attracting research attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Regarding cancer diagnosis, the stability of their membrane structure and their wide distribution in body fluids render exosomes promising biomarkers. It is expected that exosome-based liquid biopsy will become an important tool for tumor diagnosis in the future. For cancer treatment, exosomes, as the \"golden communicators\" between cells, can be designed to deliver different drugs, aiming to achieve low-toxicity and low-immunogenicity targeted delivery. Signaling pathways related to exosome contents can also be used for safer and more effective immunotherapy against tumors. Exosomes are derived from a wide range of sources, and exhibit different biological characteristics as well as clinical application advantages in different cancer therapies. In this review, we analyzed the main sources of exosomes that have great potential and broad prospects in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Moreover, we compared their therapeutic advantages, providing new ideas for the clinical application of exosomes.
摘要：
外泌体,作为一类与各类肿瘤生物学行为密切相关的细胞外小囊泡,目前在癌症诊断和治疗方面引起了研究的关注。关于癌症诊断，其膜结构的稳定性和在体液中的广泛分布使外泌体成为有希望的生物标志物。预计基于外泌体的液体活检将成为未来肿瘤诊断的重要工具。对于癌症治疗，外泌体,作为细胞之间的“黄金传播者”，可以设计成提供不同的药物，旨在实现低毒、低免疫原性的靶向递送。与外泌体内容物相关的信号通路也可以用于针对肿瘤的更安全和更有效的免疫疗法。外泌体来自广泛的来源，在不同的癌症治疗中表现出不同的生物学特性和临床应用优势。在这次审查中,我们分析了在癌症诊断和治疗中具有巨大潜力和广阔前景的外泌体的主要来源。此外，我们比较了它们的治疗优势，为外泌体的临床应用提供新思路。
