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Abstract：
The plants of the genus Physalis L. have been extensively utilized in traditional and indigenous Chinese medicinal practices for treating a variety of ailments, including dermatitis, malaria, asthma, hepatitis, and liver disorders. The present review aims to achieve a comprehensive and up-to-date investigation of the genus Physalis, a new model crop, to understand plant diversity and fruit development. Several chloroplast DNA-, nuclear ribosomal DNA-, and genomic DNA-based markers, such as psbA-trnH, internal-transcribed spacer (ITS), simple sequence repeat (SSR), random amplified microsatellites (RAMS), sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), were developed for molecular identification, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic studies of Physalis species. A large number of functional genes involved in inflated calyx syndrome development (AP2-L, MPF2, MPF3, and MAGO), organ growth (AG1, AG2, POS1, and CNR1), and active ingredient metabolism (24ISO, DHCRT, P450-CPL, SR, DUF538, TAS14, and 3β-HSB) were identified contributing to the breeding of novel Physalis varieties. Various omic studies revealed and functionally identified a series of reproductive organ development-related factors, environmental stress-responsive genes, and active component biosynthesis-related enzymes. The chromosome-level genomes of Physalis floridana Rydb., Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M. Martínez, and Physalis pruinosa L. have been recently published providing a valuable resource for genome editing in Physalis crops. Our review summarizes the recent progress in genetic diversity, molecular identification, phylogenetics, functional genes, and the application of omics in the genus Physalis and accelerates efficient utilization of this traditional herb.
摘要：
PhysalisL.属植物已被广泛用于传统和本土的中药治疗各种疾病，包括皮炎,疟疾,哮喘,肝炎，和肝脏疾病。本综述旨在对酸浆属进行全面和最新的调查，一种新型作物，了解植物多样性和果实发育。几种叶绿体DNA-，核核糖体DNA-，和基于基因组DNA的标记，比如psbA-trnH,内转录间隔区（ITS），简单序列重复(SSR)，随机扩增微卫星（RAMS），序列特征扩增区（SCAR），和单核苷酸多态性（SNP），被开发用于分子鉴定，遗传多样性,和酸浆物种的系统发育研究。大量的功能基因参与了花萼膨胀综合征的发展（AP2-L，MPF2、MPF3和MAGO)，器官生长（AG1，AG2，POS1和CNR1），和活性成分代谢(24ISO，DHRT,P450-CPL,SR,鉴定出DUF538，TAS14和3β-HSB）有助于新型酸浆品种的育种。各种组学研究揭示并在功能上确定了一系列生殖器官发育相关因素，环境应激反应基因，和活性成分生物合成相关酶。佛罗里达酸浆Rydb的染色体水平基因组。,酸浆（Waterf。)M.马丁内斯，和酸浆最近已经出版，为酸浆作物的基因组编辑提供了宝贵的资源。我们的综述总结了遗传多样性的最新进展，分子鉴定，系统发育学，功能基因，以及组学在酸浆属中的应用，并加速了这种传统草药的有效利用。
