Abstract：
Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has garnered significant attention due to its potential for facilitating the cost-effective utilization of renewable energy and large-scale power storage. However, the limited electrochemical activity of the electrode in vanadium redox reactions poses a challenge in achieving a high-performance VRFB. Consequently, there is a pressing need to assess advancements in electrodes to inspire innovative approaches for enhancing electrode structure and composition. This work categorizes three-dimensional (3D) electrodes derived from materials such as foam, biomass, and electrospun fibers. By employing a flexible electrode design and compositional functionalization, high-speed mass transfer channels and abundant active sites for vanadium redox reactions can be created. Furthermore, the incorporation of 3D electrocatalysts into the electrodes is discussed, including metal-based, carbon-based, and composite materials. The strong interaction and ordered arrangement of these nanocomposites have an influence on the uniformity and stability of the surface charge distribution, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of VRFB are explored through advancements in 3D electrodes, 3D electrocatalysts, and mechanisms. It is hoped that this review will inspire the development of methodology and concept of 3D electrodes in VRFB, so as to promote the future development of scientific energy storage and conversion technology.
摘要：
钒氧化还原液流电池（VRFB）由于其促进可再生能源的经济有效利用和大规模电力存储的潜力而引起了广泛关注。然而,在钒氧化还原反应中电极的有限电化学活性对实现高性能VRFB提出了挑战。因此,迫切需要评估电极的进步，以激发提高电极结构和组成的创新方法。这项工作对源自泡沫等材料的三维（3D）电极进行了分类，生物量，和静电纺丝纤维。通过采用柔性电极设计和成分功能化，可以创建用于钒氧化还原反应的高速传质通道和丰富的活性位点。此外，讨论了将3D电催化剂掺入电极中，包括基于金属的，碳基,和复合材料。这些纳米复合材料的强相互作用和有序排列对表面电荷分布的均匀性和稳定性有影响，从而提高复合电极的电化学性能。最后,通过3D电极的进步来探索VRFB的挑战和前景，3D电催化剂，和机制。希望这篇综述将启发VRFB中3D电极的方法和概念的发展，从而促进未来科学的储能和转换技术的发展。
