Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is poisonous to humans and animals and typically damages the nervous system and other organs. Mercuric chloride exposition disclosed to initiation of oxidative stress pathway can result in a defect in male fertility and testis tissue. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were characterized with a diameter range minimal than 100 nm, having the effective sets of the biological matter. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biosynthesized SeNPs, prepared by leek extract on Wistar rats\' testicles and brain.
METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar male rats (120-150 g) were randomly split into five groups (n = 7), orally ingested with leek aqueous extract loaded on SeNPs, and then the animals were administered with mercury II chloride (HgCl2) to induce testis injury and damage the nervous system.
RESULTS: The used dose of mercuric chloride led to oxidative stress damage in the testis of the rats which was evidenced by a decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels, and an increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and caspase-3. Also, HgCl2 decreased the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of rats. In addition, A decrease was observed in the levels of antioxidant markers, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), as well as an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and Bax in both testes and brains. Pre-treatment with leek extract loaded on SeNPs significantly ameliorated testosterone, LH, FSH, PCNA and caspase-3 levels in the testis and DA, 5-HT, NE and BDNF in brains. Although the contents of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB and Bax decreased significantly in both. glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and Bcl-2 levels were significantly improved in both organs.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that treatment with aqueous leek extract loaded on SeNPs may offer promising prospects for the advancement of anti-inflammation activity against testis injury and also have a very key role in neurobehavioral alterations as a result of mercury toxicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar male rats (120-150 g) were randomly split into five groups (n = 7), orally ingested with leek aqueous extract loaded on SeNPs, and then the animals were administered with mercury II chloride (HgCl2) to induce testis injury and damage the nervous system.
RESULTS: The used dose of mercuric chloride led to oxidative stress damage in the testis of the rats which was evidenced by a decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels, and an increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and caspase-3. Also, HgCl2 decreased the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of rats. In addition, A decrease was observed in the levels of antioxidant markers, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), as well as an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and Bax in both testes and brains. Pre-treatment with leek extract loaded on SeNPs significantly ameliorated testosterone, LH, FSH, PCNA and caspase-3 levels in the testis and DA, 5-HT, NE and BDNF in brains. Although the contents of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB and Bax decreased significantly in both. glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and Bcl-2 levels were significantly improved in both organs.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that treatment with aqueous leek extract loaded on SeNPs may offer promising prospects for the advancement of anti-inflammation activity against testis injury and also have a very key role in neurobehavioral alterations as a result of mercury toxicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
摘要：
背景：氯化汞（HgCl2）对人类和动物有毒，通常会损害神经系统和其他器官。公开的引发氧化应激途径的氯化汞暴露可导致男性生育力和睾丸组织的缺陷。合成的硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）的特征在于直径范围最小于100nm，具有有效的生物物质集。本研究旨在评估生物合成的SeNPs的作用，由韭菜提取物在Wistar大鼠睾丸和大脑上制备。
方法：将35只Wistar雄性大鼠（120-150g）随机分为5组（n=7），口服与载有SeNPs的韭菜水提取物一起摄入，然后给动物施用氯化汞II（HgCl2）以引起睾丸损伤并损害神经系统。
结果：所用剂量的氯化汞导致大鼠睾丸中的氧化应激损伤，这可以通过睾酮的减少来证明。黄体生成素(LH),卵泡刺激素（FSH）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）水平，核因子-κB（NF-κB）和caspase-3的增加。此外，HgCl2降低了多巴胺（DA）的水平，5-羟色胺（5-HT），去甲肾上腺素（NE）和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在大鼠脑中的表达。此外,观察到抗氧化剂标记物的水平下降，B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2),以及丙二醛（MDA）的增加，一氧化氮（NO），NF-κB,肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α，睾丸和大脑中的白细胞介素（IL）-1β和Bax。预处理与韭菜提取物加载在SeNPs显着改善睾酮，LH,FSH,睾丸和DA中PCNA和caspase-3的水平,5-HT,大脑中的NE和BDNF。虽然MDA的含量,NO,TNF-α,IL-1β,NF-κB和Bax均显著降低。谷胱甘肽,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,谷胱甘肽还原酶，过氧化氢酶,两个器官的超氧化物歧化酶和Bcl-2水平均显着提高。
结论：我们的发现表明，用载有SeNPs的水韭菜提取物治疗可能为提高抗睾丸损伤的抗炎活性提供有希望的前景，并且在神经行为改变中也具有非常关键的作用作为汞毒性的结果。©2024化学工业学会。
方法：将35只Wistar雄性大鼠（120-150g）随机分为5组（n=7），口服与载有SeNPs的韭菜水提取物一起摄入，然后给动物施用氯化汞II（HgCl2）以引起睾丸损伤并损害神经系统。
结果：所用剂量的氯化汞导致大鼠睾丸中的氧化应激损伤，这可以通过睾酮的减少来证明。黄体生成素(LH),卵泡刺激素（FSH）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）水平，核因子-κB（NF-κB）和caspase-3的增加。此外，HgCl2降低了多巴胺（DA）的水平，5-羟色胺（5-HT），去甲肾上腺素（NE）和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在大鼠脑中的表达。此外,观察到抗氧化剂标记物的水平下降，B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2),以及丙二醛（MDA）的增加，一氧化氮（NO），NF-κB,肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α，睾丸和大脑中的白细胞介素（IL）-1β和Bax。预处理与韭菜提取物加载在SeNPs显着改善睾酮，LH,FSH,睾丸和DA中PCNA和caspase-3的水平,5-HT,大脑中的NE和BDNF。虽然MDA的含量,NO,TNF-α,IL-1β,NF-κB和Bax均显著降低。谷胱甘肽,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,谷胱甘肽还原酶，过氧化氢酶,两个器官的超氧化物歧化酶和Bcl-2水平均显着提高。
结论：我们的发现表明，用载有SeNPs的水韭菜提取物治疗可能为提高抗睾丸损伤的抗炎活性提供有希望的前景，并且在神经行为改变中也具有非常关键的作用作为汞毒性的结果。©2024化学工业学会。
