Abstract：
The prevalent use of Azorubine (E122) and the unintentional food additive, Bisphenol A (BPA), in ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages raises significant health concerns, especially for children. The combined impact on embryonic development must be explored despite individual safety assessments. Our investigation revealed that the combined exposure of E122 and BPA at beverage concentration significantly induces mortality and morphological deformities, including reduced growth, pericardial edema, and yolk sac edema. The co-exposure triggers oxidative stress, impairing antioxidant enzyme responses and resulting in lipid and cellular damage. Notably, apoptotic cells are observed in the neural tube and notochord of the co-exposed larvae. Critical genes related to the antioxidant response elements (nrf2, ho1, and nqo1), apoptosis activation (bcl2, bax, and p53), and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (nfkb, tnfa, il1b, tgfb, il10, and il12) displayed substantial changes, highlighting the molecular mechanisms. Behavior studies indicated hypo-locomotion with reduced thigmotaxis and touch response in co-exposed larvae, distinguishing it from individual exposures. These findings underscore the neurodevelopmental impacts of E122 and BPA at reported beverage concentrations, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive safety assessments, particularly for child consumption.
摘要：
Azorubine（E122）和无意的食品添加剂的普遍使用，双酚A(BPA),即饮（RTD）饮料引起了重大的健康问题，尤其是对儿童。尽管进行了单独的安全性评估，但必须探索对胚胎发育的综合影响。我们的调查显示，在饮料浓度下E122和BPA的联合暴露显着诱导死亡率和形态畸形，包括增长减少，心包水肿,和卵黄囊水肿。共同暴露会引发氧化应激，损害抗氧化酶反应并导致脂质和细胞损伤。值得注意的是,在共同暴露的幼虫的神经管和脊索中观察到凋亡细胞。与抗氧化反应元件（nrf2，ho1和nqo1）相关的关键基因，凋亡激活(bcl2，bax，和p53），和促炎/抗炎细胞因子(nfkb，tnfa,il1b,tgfb,il10和il12)显示出重大变化，突出分子机制。行为研究表明，在共同暴露的幼虫中，运动障碍和触感反应降低，将其与个体暴露区分开来。这些发现强调了E122和BPA在报告的饮料浓度下对神经发育的影响。强调迫切需要进行全面的安全评估，特别是儿童消费。
