Abstract：
Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a highly specific and environmentally friendly pathogenic virus successfully used as a biological insecticide against codling moth larvae. Continuous application of CpGV has led to high levels of resistance in codling moth, Cydia pomonella (C. pomonella). Nevertheless, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the development of resistance in codling moths to CpGV have been rarely investigated. This study explored the potential antiviral immune roles of codling moth antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against CpGV. A total of 11 AMP genes classified in cecropin, defensin, gloverin, and attacin subfamilies, were identified in the codling moth genome. The cecropin and gloverin subfamilies were found to be the ancestral genes of the AMP gene family. The expression of two AMP genes (CmGlo1 and CmAtt1) significantly increased following CpGV challenge, and CmGlo1 and CmAtt1 gene silencing resulted in a significant increase in CpGV replication in codling moth larvae. The hemolymph and fat body serve as major viral immune functional tissues in codling moth larvae. Moreover, zhongshengmycin significantly reduced the diversity and abundance of codling moth larvae gut microbiota, thereby suppressing the expression of CmAtt1 AMP gene. We also found that the combination of the virus with zhongshengmycin would enhance the insecticidal effects of CpGV. This study provides the first explanation of the molecular mechanisms driving CpGV immune function development in codling moths, approached from the perspective of the codling moth itself. Additionally, we introduced an alternative approach to combat codling moth in the field by combining antibiotics with biopesticides to amplify the insecticidal effects of the latter.
摘要：
Cydia波蒙氏颗粒病毒（CpGV）是一种高度特异性和环境友好的致病病毒，成功地用作针对蛾幼虫的生物杀虫剂。持续施用CpGV导致了蛾蛾的高抗性，Cydiapomonella（C.pomonella）。然而，很少研究诱生蛾对CpGV产生抗性的特定分子机制。本研究探讨了密码子蛾抗菌肽（AMPs）对CpGV的潜在抗病毒免疫作用。共有11个AMP基因分类在天蚕中，防御素,gloverin,和attacin亚家族，在蛾的基因组中被鉴定出来。发现cecropin和gloverin亚家族是AMP基因家族的祖先基因。CpGV攻击后，两个AMP基因（CmGlo1和CmAtt1）的表达显着增加，和CmGlo1和CmAtt1基因沉默导致诱蛾幼虫CpGV复制明显增加。血淋巴和脂肪体是蛾幼虫中主要的病毒免疫功能组织。此外，中升霉素显著降低了蛾幼虫肠道菌群的多样性和丰度，从而抑制CmAtt1AMP基因的表达。我们还发现，该病毒与中生霉素的组合会增强CpGV的杀虫效果。这项研究首次解释了在蛾中驱动CpGV免疫功能发育的分子机制，从codling蛾本身的角度来看。此外,我们引入了一种替代方法，通过将抗生素与生物农药结合起来，以增强后者的杀虫作用，从而在田间防治蛾。
