Abstract：
Laboratory studies using a reception paradigm have found that memory items sharing similar entities and relations with a working memory cue (surface matches) are easier to retrieve than items sharing only a system of abstract relations (structural matches). However, the naturalistic approach has contended that the observed supremacy of superficial similarity could have originated in a shallow processing of somewhat inconsequential stories, as well as in the inadvertent inclusion of structural similarity during the construction of surface matches. We addressed the question of which kind of similarity dominates retrieval through a hybrid paradigm that combines the ecological validity of the naturalistic production paradigm with the experimental control of the reception paradigm. In Experiment 1 we presented participants with a target story that maintained either superficial or structural similarities with two popular movies that had received a careful processing prior to the experimental session. Experiment 2 replicated the same procedure with highly viralized public events. In line with traditional laboratory results, surface matches were significantly better retrieved than structural matches, confirming the supremacy of superficial similarities during retrieval.
摘要：
使用接收范式的实验室研究发现，与工作记忆线索（表面匹配）共享相似实体和关系的记忆项目比仅共享抽象关系系统（结构匹配）的项目更容易检索。然而,自然主义的方法认为，观察到的表面相似性的至高无上可能起源于对一些无关紧要的故事的浅层处理，以及在构建表面匹配过程中无意中包含结构相似性。我们通过将自然主义生产范式的生态有效性与接受范式的实验控制相结合的混合范式，解决了哪种相似性主导检索的问题。在实验1中，我们向参与者展示了一个目标故事，该故事与两部在实验之前经过仔细处理的热门电影保持了表面或结构上的相似性。实验2用高度病毒化的公共事件复制了相同的过程。根据传统的实验室结果，表面匹配比结构匹配显著更好地恢复，确认检索过程中表面相似性的至高无上。
