Abstract：
BACKGROUND: People with developmental disability have higher rates of mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, psychological distress, or a limited sense of belonging to a community. Extracurricular activity can help children and adolescents build social connections beyond family, increasing social capital, which may promote mental health in the transition into adulthood. Little is known about such associations among people with developmental disability.
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of childhood extracurricular activity with mental health in young adulthood among people with and without developmental disability.
METHODS: Data: Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID, 1968-2017), its Child Development Supplement (1997, 2002, 2007) and its Transition into Adulthood Supplement (2005-2019) (n = 2801). Time diaries measured time in activity. Outcomes were psychological distress (Kessler K6) and flourishing (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form). Adjusted linear regressions modeled associations.
RESULTS: In nationally representative results, 9.6 % (95 % confidence interval, CI 7.8, 11.4) had a disability. Children without disability reported more average weekly time in group activity, 125.1 min (CI 113.2, 136.9) vs. 93.6 (CI 55.1, 132.0; not significant at conventional levels). In adjusted results, \"some\" group activity (0-180 weekly minutes) was associated with greater flourishing for those with developmental disability (0.89; CI 0.16, 1.61).
CONCLUSIONS: Among people with developmental disability, group activity in childhood was associated with greater flourishing in young adulthood. More research is needed to understand the complex nature of activity participation for children with developmental disabilities.
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of childhood extracurricular activity with mental health in young adulthood among people with and without developmental disability.
METHODS: Data: Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID, 1968-2017), its Child Development Supplement (1997, 2002, 2007) and its Transition into Adulthood Supplement (2005-2019) (n = 2801). Time diaries measured time in activity. Outcomes were psychological distress (Kessler K6) and flourishing (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form). Adjusted linear regressions modeled associations.
RESULTS: In nationally representative results, 9.6 % (95 % confidence interval, CI 7.8, 11.4) had a disability. Children without disability reported more average weekly time in group activity, 125.1 min (CI 113.2, 136.9) vs. 93.6 (CI 55.1, 132.0; not significant at conventional levels). In adjusted results, \"some\" group activity (0-180 weekly minutes) was associated with greater flourishing for those with developmental disability (0.89; CI 0.16, 1.61).
CONCLUSIONS: Among people with developmental disability, group activity in childhood was associated with greater flourishing in young adulthood. More research is needed to understand the complex nature of activity participation for children with developmental disabilities.
摘要：
背景：有发育障碍的人有更高的心理健康问题，如焦虑，抑郁症,心理困扰,或对社区的有限归属感。课外活动可以帮助儿童和青少年建立超越家庭的社会关系，增加社会资本，这可能会促进过渡到成年的心理健康。对发育障碍人群之间的这种关联知之甚少。
目的：研究有发育障碍和无发育障碍人群中儿童期课外活动与成年后心理健康的关系。
方法：数据：收入动态面板研究(PSID，1968-2017），其儿童发展补编（1997年，2002年，2007年）及其向成年补编过渡（2005-2019年）（n=2801）。时间日记测量活动时间。结果是心理困扰（凯斯勒K6）和繁荣（心理健康连续简短形式）。调整后的线性回归建模关联。
结果：在全国代表性结果中，9.6%(95%置信区间，CI7.8，11.4）有残疾。无残疾儿童报告小组活动的平均每周时间更多，125.1分钟（CI113.2，136.9）vs.93.6（CI55.1，132.0；在常规水平上不显著）。在调整后的结果中，对于那些有发育障碍的人来说，“一些”群体活动(每周0-180分钟)与更大的繁荣相关(0.89;CI0.16,1.61)。
结论：在发育障碍患者中，童年时期的团体活动与成年后的繁荣有关。需要更多的研究来了解发育障碍儿童参与活动的复杂性。
目的：研究有发育障碍和无发育障碍人群中儿童期课外活动与成年后心理健康的关系。
方法：数据：收入动态面板研究(PSID，1968-2017），其儿童发展补编（1997年，2002年，2007年）及其向成年补编过渡（2005-2019年）（n=2801）。时间日记测量活动时间。结果是心理困扰（凯斯勒K6）和繁荣（心理健康连续简短形式）。调整后的线性回归建模关联。
结果：在全国代表性结果中，9.6%(95%置信区间，CI7.8，11.4）有残疾。无残疾儿童报告小组活动的平均每周时间更多，125.1分钟（CI113.2，136.9）vs.93.6（CI55.1，132.0；在常规水平上不显著）。在调整后的结果中，对于那些有发育障碍的人来说，“一些”群体活动(每周0-180分钟)与更大的繁荣相关(0.89;CI0.16,1.61)。
结论：在发育障碍患者中，童年时期的团体活动与成年后的繁荣有关。需要更多的研究来了解发育障碍儿童参与活动的复杂性。
