PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Despite participating in scenario training, many medical first responders (MFRs) perceive themselves as inadequately prepared to respond to mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive examination of traditional MCI scenario training methods, focusing on their inherent strengths and limitations. An investigation into the perceptions of MFRs who had participated in MCI scenario training was carried out to identify potential areas for improvement and provide recommendations for refining MCI training protocols.
METHODS: Qualitative inductive approach using semistructured interviews that took place between October 2021 and February 2022. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis.
METHODS: MCI scenario training involving four organisations (three emergency medical services and one search-and-rescue organisation) tasked with responding to MCIs, collectively representing four European Union countries.
METHODS: 27 MFRs (17 emergency medical services personnel and 10 search-and-rescue volunteers) were recruited to participate in the study.
RESULTS: Two categories and seven associated subcategories (shown in parentheses) were identified as influencing the learning outcomes for MFRs: Training in a context mirroring real-world incidents (conducting incident scene risk assessment, realistic representation in casualties, incorporating scenario variety into the curriculum, interagency collaboration, role alignment when training incident site management) and use of a pedagogical framework (allowing for mistakes, the importance of post-training evaluation).
CONCLUSIONS: This study reaffirms the value of traditional MCI scenario training and identifies areas for enhancement, advocating for realistic scenarios, interagency collaboration, improved incident site management skills and thorough post-training evaluation. It suggests a shift in MCI training conceptualisation and delivery. The potential of virtual reality technologies as a valuable addition to training methods is explored, with a note on the need for further research to ascertain the long-term effectiveness of these technologies. However, the selection of a training method should consider programme goals, target population and resources.
METHODS: Qualitative inductive approach using semistructured interviews that took place between October 2021 and February 2022. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis.
METHODS: MCI scenario training involving four organisations (three emergency medical services and one search-and-rescue organisation) tasked with responding to MCIs, collectively representing four European Union countries.
METHODS: 27 MFRs (17 emergency medical services personnel and 10 search-and-rescue volunteers) were recruited to participate in the study.
RESULTS: Two categories and seven associated subcategories (shown in parentheses) were identified as influencing the learning outcomes for MFRs: Training in a context mirroring real-world incidents (conducting incident scene risk assessment, realistic representation in casualties, incorporating scenario variety into the curriculum, interagency collaboration, role alignment when training incident site management) and use of a pedagogical framework (allowing for mistakes, the importance of post-training evaluation).
CONCLUSIONS: This study reaffirms the value of traditional MCI scenario training and identifies areas for enhancement, advocating for realistic scenarios, interagency collaboration, improved incident site management skills and thorough post-training evaluation. It suggests a shift in MCI training conceptualisation and delivery. The potential of virtual reality technologies as a valuable addition to training methods is explored, with a note on the need for further research to ascertain the long-term effectiveness of these technologies. However, the selection of a training method should consider programme goals, target population and resources.
摘要：
目标：尽管参加了情景培训，许多医疗急救人员（MFR）认为自己准备不足，无法应对大规模伤亡事件（MCI）。这项研究的目的是对传统的MCI情景训练方法进行全面检查，关注其固有的优势和局限性。对参加过MCI情景培训的MFR的看法进行了调查，以确定潜在的改进领域，并为完善MCI培训方案提供建议。
方法：使用2021年10月至2022年2月之间进行的半结构化访谈的定性归纳法。采用定性内容分析对数据进行分析。
方法：MCI情景培训涉及四个组织（三个紧急医疗服务和一个搜救组织），负责响应MCI，代表四个欧盟国家。
方法：招募了27名MFR（17名紧急医疗服务人员和10名搜救志愿者）参与研究。
结果：确定了影响MFR学习成果的两个类别和七个相关子类别（括号中显示）：在反映现实世界事件的背景下进行培训（进行事件现场风险评估，伤亡的现实表现，将场景多样性纳入课程，机构间合作，培训事件现场管理时的角色调整)和教学框架的使用(允许错误，培训后评估的重要性)。
结论：这项研究重申了传统MCI情景训练的价值，并确定了需要增强的领域，倡导现实场景，机构间合作，改进事件现场管理技能和全面的培训后评估。这表明MCI培训的概念化和交付方式发生了转变。探索了虚拟现实技术作为培训方法的宝贵补充的潜力，并说明需要进一步研究以确定这些技术的长期有效性。然而,培训方法的选择应考虑计划目标，目标人口和资源。
方法：使用2021年10月至2022年2月之间进行的半结构化访谈的定性归纳法。采用定性内容分析对数据进行分析。
方法：MCI情景培训涉及四个组织（三个紧急医疗服务和一个搜救组织），负责响应MCI，代表四个欧盟国家。
方法：招募了27名MFR（17名紧急医疗服务人员和10名搜救志愿者）参与研究。
结果：确定了影响MFR学习成果的两个类别和七个相关子类别（括号中显示）：在反映现实世界事件的背景下进行培训（进行事件现场风险评估，伤亡的现实表现，将场景多样性纳入课程，机构间合作，培训事件现场管理时的角色调整)和教学框架的使用(允许错误，培训后评估的重要性)。
结论：这项研究重申了传统MCI情景训练的价值，并确定了需要增强的领域，倡导现实场景，机构间合作，改进事件现场管理技能和全面的培训后评估。这表明MCI培训的概念化和交付方式发生了转变。探索了虚拟现实技术作为培训方法的宝贵补充的潜力，并说明需要进一步研究以确定这些技术的长期有效性。然而,培训方法的选择应考虑计划目标，目标人口和资源。
