Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Aberrant movement-related cortical activity has been linked to impaired motor function in Parkinson\'s disease (PD). Dopaminergic drug treatment can restore these, but dosages and long-term treatment are limited by adverse side-effects. Effective non-pharmacological treatments could help reduce reliance on drugs. This experiment reports the first study of home-based electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback training as a non-pharmacological candidate treatment for PD. Our primary aim was to test the feasibility of our EEG neurofeedback intervention in a home setting.
METHODS: Sixteen people with PD received six home visits comprising symptomology self-reports, a standardised motor assessment, and a precision handgrip force production task while EEG was recorded (visits 1, 2 and 6); and 3 × 1-hr EEG neurofeedback training sessions to supress the EEG mu rhythm before initiating handgrip movements (visits 3 to 5).
RESULTS: Participants successfully learned to self-regulate mu activity, and this appeared to expedite the initiation of precision movements (i.e., time to reach target handgrip force off-medication pre-intervention = 628 ms, off-medication post-intervention = 564 ms). There was no evidence of wider symptomology reduction (e.g., Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson\'s Disease Rating Scale Part III Motor Examination, off-medication pre-intervention = 29.00, off-medication post intervention = 30.07). Interviews indicated that the intervention was well-received.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the significant effect of neurofeedback on movement-related cortical activity, positive qualitative reports from participants, and a suggestive benefit to movement initiation, we conclude that home-based neurofeedback for people with PD is a feasible and promising non-pharmacological treatment that warrants further research.
METHODS: Sixteen people with PD received six home visits comprising symptomology self-reports, a standardised motor assessment, and a precision handgrip force production task while EEG was recorded (visits 1, 2 and 6); and 3 × 1-hr EEG neurofeedback training sessions to supress the EEG mu rhythm before initiating handgrip movements (visits 3 to 5).
RESULTS: Participants successfully learned to self-regulate mu activity, and this appeared to expedite the initiation of precision movements (i.e., time to reach target handgrip force off-medication pre-intervention = 628 ms, off-medication post-intervention = 564 ms). There was no evidence of wider symptomology reduction (e.g., Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson\'s Disease Rating Scale Part III Motor Examination, off-medication pre-intervention = 29.00, off-medication post intervention = 30.07). Interviews indicated that the intervention was well-received.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the significant effect of neurofeedback on movement-related cortical activity, positive qualitative reports from participants, and a suggestive benefit to movement initiation, we conclude that home-based neurofeedback for people with PD is a feasible and promising non-pharmacological treatment that warrants further research.
摘要：
目的：运动相关的皮质活动异常与帕金森病（PD）的运动功能受损有关。多巴胺能药物治疗可以恢复这些，但是剂量和长期治疗受到不良副作用的限制。有效的非药物治疗有助于减少对药物的依赖。该实验报告了基于家庭的脑电图（EEG）神经反馈训练作为PD的非药物候选治疗的第一项研究。我们的主要目的是在家庭环境中测试我们的EEG神经反馈干预的可行性。
方法：16名PD患者接受了6次家访，包括症状自我报告，标准化的运动评估，并在记录EEG的同时进行精确的握力产生任务（第1、2和6次访问）；和3×1小时的EEG神经反馈训练课程，以抑制EEGmu节奏，然后再开始抓握动作（第3至5次访问）。
结果：参与者成功地学会了自我调节mu活动，这似乎加快了精密运动的启动(即，药物干预前达到目标握力的时间=628毫秒，干预后停药=564ms)。没有更广泛的症状学减少的证据(例如，运动障碍协会统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分运动检查，干预前停药=29.00，干预后停药=30.07）。访谈表明，干预措施广受好评。
结论：基于神经反馈对运动相关皮质活动的显著影响，来自参与者的积极定性报告，以及运动启动的暗示性好处，我们得出结论,PD患者的家庭神经反馈治疗是一种可行且有前景的非药物治疗方法,值得进一步研究.
方法：16名PD患者接受了6次家访，包括症状自我报告，标准化的运动评估，并在记录EEG的同时进行精确的握力产生任务（第1、2和6次访问）；和3×1小时的EEG神经反馈训练课程，以抑制EEGmu节奏，然后再开始抓握动作（第3至5次访问）。
结果：参与者成功地学会了自我调节mu活动，这似乎加快了精密运动的启动(即，药物干预前达到目标握力的时间=628毫秒，干预后停药=564ms)。没有更广泛的症状学减少的证据(例如，运动障碍协会统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分运动检查，干预前停药=29.00，干预后停药=30.07）。访谈表明，干预措施广受好评。
结论：基于神经反馈对运动相关皮质活动的显著影响，来自参与者的积极定性报告，以及运动启动的暗示性好处，我们得出结论,PD患者的家庭神经反馈治疗是一种可行且有前景的非药物治疗方法,值得进一步研究.
