Abstract：
Aquaculture sludge (uneaten feed and faeces) is nutrient rich and has potential as feed for insects. The aim of this study was to investigate the transfer of chemical and biological contaminants, as well as nutrients, from aquaculture sludge to black soldier fly larvae. The larvae were reared on a sludge mixture made of different sludges collected from Norwegian freshwater salmonid facilities. The sludge was spiked with four common salmon pathogens: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Infectious Salmon Anemia virus, Yersinia ruckeri or Mycobacterium salmoniphilum. During the 15 days of growth on sludge, the black soldier fly larvae accumulated valuable nutrients including protein, fat, eicosapentaenoic acid, iron, manganese, zinc and selenium. The larvae also accumulated undesirable substances including cadmium, mercury, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. The concentrations of dioxins exceeded the EU maximum level set for animal feed. None of the salmon pathogens that were spiked to the sludge were detected in the black soldier fly larvae. This study reports low risk of transfer of salmon pathogens from sludge to insect larvae, and showed that the transfer of heavy metals, minerals and metalloids are in accordance with earlier studies. The large variations in levels of heavy metals between batches of sludge can cause levels in BSF exceeding the EU maximum levels, and thus indicate a need for monitoring of the proposed value chain. The transfer of dioxins from sludge to insects, reported for the first time in this paper, would be of special interest for future research, with special focus on risk mitigation.
摘要：
水产养殖污泥（未食用的饲料和粪便）营养丰富，具有作为昆虫饲料的潜力。这项研究的目的是调查化学和生物污染物的转移，以及营养，从水产养殖污泥到黑兵苍蝇幼虫。幼虫是在污泥混合物上饲养的，该污泥混合物由从挪威淡水鲑鱼养殖设施收集的不同污泥制成。污泥中掺入了四种常见的鲑鱼病原体：传染性胰腺坏死病毒，传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒，鲁氏耶尔森氏菌或嗜盐分枝杆菌。在污泥上生长的15天，黑色士兵苍蝇幼虫积累了宝贵的营养物质，包括蛋白质，脂肪，二十碳五烯酸,铁,锰，锌和硒。幼虫还积累了包括镉在内的不良物质，水银,二恶英和多氯联苯。二恶英的浓度超过了欧盟为动物饲料设定的最高水平。在黑色士兵苍蝇幼虫中未检测到掺入污泥的鲑鱼病原体。这项研究报告说，鲑鱼病原体从污泥转移到昆虫幼虫的风险较低，并表明重金属的转移，矿物和准金属与早期的研究一致。污泥批次之间重金属水平的巨大差异可能导致BSF的水平超过欧盟的最高水平，并因此表明需要监测拟议的价值链。二恶英从污泥转移到昆虫，本文首次报道，对未来的研究特别感兴趣，特别关注风险缓解。
