Abstract：
Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), are devastating and challenging to treat, with a low 5-year survival rate of only 6.6%. Mouse models are established to understand tumorigenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. Large-scale genomic studies have facilitated the identification of genetic alterations driving human brain tumor development and progression. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) with clinically relevant genetic alterations are widely used to investigate tumor origin. Additionally, syngeneic implantation models, utilizing cell lines derived from GEMMs or other sources, are popular for their consistent and relatively short latency period, addressing various brain cancer research questions. In recent years, the success of immunotherapy in specific cancer types has led to a surge in cancer immunology-related research which specifically necessitates the utilization of immunocompetent mouse models. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of GEMMs and syngeneic mouse models for adult brain tumors, emphasizing key features such as model origin, genetic alteration background, oncogenic mechanisms, and immune-related characteristics. Our review serves as a valuable resource for the brain tumor research community, aiding in the selection of appropriate models to study cancer immunology.
摘要：
脑肿瘤,特别是胶质母细胞瘤（GBM），治疗具有破坏性和挑战性，5年生存率仅为6.6%。建立小鼠模型以了解肿瘤发生并开发新的治疗策略。大规模基因组研究促进了驱动人类脑肿瘤发展和进展的遗传改变的鉴定。具有临床相关遗传改变的基因工程小鼠模型（GEMM）被广泛用于研究肿瘤起源。此外,同基因植入模型，利用源自GEMM或其他来源的细胞系，因其一致且相对较短的延迟周期而受欢迎，解决各种脑癌研究问题。近年来,免疫治疗在特定癌症类型中的成功导致了癌症免疫学相关研究的激增，这特别需要使用具有免疫能力的小鼠模型。在这次审查中,我们提供了成人脑肿瘤的GEMM和同基因小鼠模型的全面总结，强调关键特征，如模型起源，遗传改变背景，致癌机制，和免疫相关的特征。我们的评论为脑肿瘤研究界提供了宝贵的资源，帮助选择合适的模型来研究癌症免疫学。
