PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected animals; the typical incubation period is 5-14 days. In approximately 90% of human cases, illness is asymptomatic or mild, characterized by fever, chills, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, calf pain, and conjunctival suffusion, but severe illness can progress to multiorgan dysfunction and death. Although Wyoming is considered a low-risk area for leptospirosis because of its cold and semiarid climate, the Wyoming Department of Health was notified of a probable human case in August 2023, the first reported in the state since 1983. The patient had occupational exposure to dogs but did not report other risk factors. The same week that the human patient\'s illness began, public health authorities received notification of an increase in canine leptospirosis cases. Public health authorities investigated to determine potential sources of infection, identify additional cases, and recommend control measures. After public health outreach activities were implemented, canine vaccination practices changed substantially in the affected city: a survey conducted after the outbreak revealed that all responding veterinary clinics in the affected city were recommending the vaccine more frequently to dog owners and reporting higher levels of owner compliance with vaccination recommendations. Increased vaccination coverage offers protection from leptospirosis for both dogs and persons exposed to them. Leptospirosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persons with occupational exposure to animals and clinically compatible signs and symptoms, including fever, chills, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, calf pain, and conjunctival suffusion, irrespective of geographic location.
摘要：
钩端螺旋体病是一种通过感染动物的尿液传播的人畜共患细菌性疾病；典型的潜伏期为5-14天。在大约90%的人类病例中，病情无症状或轻度，以发烧为特征，发冷,肌痛，恶心,呕吐,腹泻,头痛,小腿疼痛，结膜充血,但是严重的疾病可以发展为多器官功能障碍和死亡。尽管怀俄明州因其寒冷和半干旱气候而被认为是钩端螺旋体病的低风险地区，怀俄明州卫生部于2023年8月收到了一起可能的人类病例的通知，这是自1983年以来该州首次报告的病例。患者有职业暴露于狗，但没有报告其他危险因素。同一周，人类病人的疾病开始，公共卫生当局接获有关犬钩端螺旋体病个案增加的通知。公共卫生当局进行了调查，以确定潜在的感染源，确定其他案例，并建议控制措施。公共卫生外展活动实施后,在受影响的城市，犬科疫苗接种方法发生了很大变化:疫情爆发后进行的一项调查显示，受影响城市的所有兽医诊所都更频繁地向狗主人推荐疫苗，并报告主人对疫苗接种建议的遵守程度更高。增加的疫苗接种覆盖率为狗和接触钩端螺旋体病的人提供了保护。钩端螺旋体病应在对有职业接触动物和临床上相容的体征和症状的人进行鉴别诊断时考虑。包括发烧,发冷,肌痛，恶心,呕吐,腹泻,头痛,小腿疼痛，结膜充血,无论地理位置。
