PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Activation of the maternal immune system during gestation has been associated with an increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, particularly schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are implicated as potential mediators of this increased risk. Early in development, microglia start populating the embryonic central nervous system and in addition to their traditional role as immune responders under homeostatic conditions, microglia are also intricately involved in various early neurodevelopmental processes. The timing of immune activation may interfere with microglia functioning during early neurodevelopment, potentially leading to long-term consequences in postnatal life. In this review we will discuss the involvement of microglia in brain development during the prenatal and early postnatal stages of life, while also examining the effects of maternal immune activation on microglia and neurodevelopmental processes. Additionally, we discuss recent single cell RNA-sequencing studies focusing on microglia during prenatal development, and hypothesize how early life microglial priming, potentially through epigenetic reprogramming, may be related to neurodevelopmental disorders.
摘要：
妊娠期间母体免疫系统的激活与后代神经发育障碍的风险增加有关。特别是精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍。小胶质细胞,中枢神经系统的组织驻留巨噬细胞，被认为是这种风险增加的潜在中介。在发展初期,小胶质细胞开始填充胚胎中枢神经系统，除了它们在稳态条件下作为免疫应答者的传统作用外，小胶质细胞也错综复杂地参与各种早期神经发育过程。免疫激活的时机可能会干扰早期神经发育过程中的小胶质细胞功能，可能导致产后生活的长期后果。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论小胶质细胞在出生前和出生后早期阶段脑发育中的参与，同时还检查了母体免疫激活对小胶质细胞和神经发育过程的影响。此外,我们讨论了最近的单细胞RNA测序研究，重点是产前发育过程中的小胶质细胞，并假设生命早期的小胶质细胞如何启动，可能通过表观遗传重编程，可能与神经发育障碍有关。
