Abstract：
Lipids represent the most abundant molecular type in the brain with a fat content of approximately 60% of the dry brain weight in humans. Despite this fact, little attention has been paid to circumscribe the dynamic role of lipids in brain function and disease. Membrane lipids such as cholesterol, phosphoinositide, sphingolipids, arachidonic acid and endocannabinoids finely regulate both synaptic receptors and ion channels that insure critical neural functions. After a brief introduction on brain lipids and their respective properties, we review here their role in regulating synaptic function and ion channel activity, action potential propagation, neuronal development, functional plasticity and their contribution in the development of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. We also provide possible directions for future research on lipid function in brain plasticity and diseases.
摘要：
脂质代表大脑中最丰富的分子类型，脂肪含量约为人类大脑干重的60％。尽管如此,很少注意限制脂质在脑功能和疾病中的动态作用。膜脂质如胆固醇，磷酸肌醇，鞘脂，花生四烯酸和内源性大麻素精细调节突触受体和离子通道，确保关键的神经功能。在简要介绍了脑脂质及其各自的性质之后，我们在这里回顾它们在调节突触功能和离子通道活性中的作用，动作电位传播，神经元发育，功能可塑性及其在神经和神经精神疾病发展中的贡献。我们还为未来在脑可塑性和疾病中脂质功能的研究提供了可能的方向。
