Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) is a widely recognized measure for evaluating tinnitus and is frequently used in both therapeutic and research contexts. Unfortunately, TFI is currently not available in any Indian languages. In a multilingual country like India, cross-cultural adaptation, translation, and validation of such scales in regional languages are critical to improving their use for clinical and research purposes. Therefore, this study focused on translating and validating the TFI in Kannada for use among the Indian population.
UNASSIGNED: The original version of TFI was translated with the help of audiologists and linguistic experts who were proficient in Kannada. The translated version was content validation by five audiologists and a cognitive debriefing by native speakers to check the familiarity of words. The final version (TFI-K) was then administered to 181 participants with tinnitus. Along with the TFI, other scales like Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) were also obtained to check the convergent validity. The obtained data was then subjected to various statistical analyses like internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and factor analysis.
UNASSIGNED: The TFI-K was found to have an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\'s α = 0.974) and good convergent validity (p < 0.001; r = 0.778) with THI-K. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation showed communalities ranging from 0.64 to 0.91. Scree plots with the TFI-K component showed a sharp decline after the first factor and approximately four factors above the eigenvalue of 1. The factor analysis results suggest that the TFI-K has a structurally intact 8-factor loading, with a few exceptions that are discussed in detail.
UNASSIGNED: The TFI-K has demonstrated remarkable dependability and satisfactory integrity, making it a valuable tool for assessment and treatment planning in clinical and research settings.
Tinnitus is known to impinge multiple domains.Assessing multiple domains provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of tinnitus.Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) has been cross-culturally translated into Kannada.Tinnitus Functional Index in Kannada (TFI-K) is reliable and valid and can be used clinically and in research.
UNASSIGNED: The original version of TFI was translated with the help of audiologists and linguistic experts who were proficient in Kannada. The translated version was content validation by five audiologists and a cognitive debriefing by native speakers to check the familiarity of words. The final version (TFI-K) was then administered to 181 participants with tinnitus. Along with the TFI, other scales like Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) were also obtained to check the convergent validity. The obtained data was then subjected to various statistical analyses like internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and factor analysis.
UNASSIGNED: The TFI-K was found to have an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\'s α = 0.974) and good convergent validity (p < 0.001; r = 0.778) with THI-K. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation showed communalities ranging from 0.64 to 0.91. Scree plots with the TFI-K component showed a sharp decline after the first factor and approximately four factors above the eigenvalue of 1. The factor analysis results suggest that the TFI-K has a structurally intact 8-factor loading, with a few exceptions that are discussed in detail.
UNASSIGNED: The TFI-K has demonstrated remarkable dependability and satisfactory integrity, making it a valuable tool for assessment and treatment planning in clinical and research settings.
Tinnitus is known to impinge multiple domains.Assessing multiple domains provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of tinnitus.Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) has been cross-culturally translated into Kannada.Tinnitus Functional Index in Kannada (TFI-K) is reliable and valid and can be used clinically and in research.
摘要：
■耳鸣功能指数（TFI）是一种广泛认可的评估耳鸣的方法，经常用于治疗和研究环境。不幸的是,TFI目前没有任何印度语言版本。在像印度这样的多语种国家，跨文化适应，翻译,在区域语言中验证此类量表对于改善其在临床和研究目的中的使用至关重要。因此,这项研究的重点是翻译和验证卡纳达语中的TFI，以在印度人口中使用。
■TFI的原始版本是在精通卡纳达语的听力学家和语言专家的帮助下翻译的。翻译版本是由五位听力学家进行的内容验证，并由母语人士进行认知汇报，以检查单词的熟悉程度。然后将最终版本（TFI-K）给予181名耳鸣参与者。随着TFI,还获得了其他量表，如耳鸣障碍量表(THI)，以检查收敛效度。然后对获得的数据进行各种统计分析，如内部一致性，收敛效度和判别效度，和因素分析。
■发现TFI-K与THI-K具有出色的内部一致性（Cronbach'sα=0.974）和良好的收敛有效性（p<0.001；r=0.778）。具有varimax旋转的主成分分析显示，社区范围为0.64至0.91。具有TFI-K分量的Scree图显示，在第一个因子之后急剧下降，在特征值1以上约四个因子。因子分析结果表明，TFI-K具有结构完整的8因子载荷，除了一些详细讨论的例外。
■TFI-K表现出非凡的可靠性和令人满意的完整性，使其成为临床和研究环境中评估和治疗计划的有价值的工具。
已知耳鸣撞击多个结构域。评估多个领域可以全面了解耳鸣的影响。耳鸣功能指数（TFI）已跨文化翻译为卡纳达语。卡纳达语耳鸣功能指数（TFI-K）是可靠且有效的，可用于临床和研究。
■TFI的原始版本是在精通卡纳达语的听力学家和语言专家的帮助下翻译的。翻译版本是由五位听力学家进行的内容验证，并由母语人士进行认知汇报，以检查单词的熟悉程度。然后将最终版本（TFI-K）给予181名耳鸣参与者。随着TFI,还获得了其他量表，如耳鸣障碍量表(THI)，以检查收敛效度。然后对获得的数据进行各种统计分析，如内部一致性，收敛效度和判别效度，和因素分析。
■发现TFI-K与THI-K具有出色的内部一致性（Cronbach'sα=0.974）和良好的收敛有效性（p<0.001；r=0.778）。具有varimax旋转的主成分分析显示，社区范围为0.64至0.91。具有TFI-K分量的Scree图显示，在第一个因子之后急剧下降，在特征值1以上约四个因子。因子分析结果表明，TFI-K具有结构完整的8因子载荷，除了一些详细讨论的例外。
■TFI-K表现出非凡的可靠性和令人满意的完整性，使其成为临床和研究环境中评估和治疗计划的有价值的工具。
已知耳鸣撞击多个结构域。评估多个领域可以全面了解耳鸣的影响。耳鸣功能指数（TFI）已跨文化翻译为卡纳达语。卡纳达语耳鸣功能指数（TFI-K）是可靠且有效的，可用于临床和研究。
