Abstract：
The benefits of allowing learners to control when to receive knowledge of results (KR) compared to a yoked group has been recently challenged and postulated to be mild at best. A potential explanation for such dissident findings is that individuals differentially utilize the autonomy provided by the self-controlled condition, which, in its turn, affects the outcomes. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of self-controlled KR on motor learning focusing on the frequency of KR requests when performing an anticipatory timing task. Self-controlled groups were created based on participants\' KR frequency of request (High, Medium, and Low referring to fifth, third, and first quintile) and, then, Yoked groups were created self-control condition pairing the KR request of the Self-controlled groups. We also measured self-efficacy and processing time as means to verify potential correlates. The results supported the expected interaction. While no difference between self-controlled and yoked groups were found for low frequencies of KR, a moderate amount of KR request was related to better results for the self-controlled group. Nonetheless, the opposite trend was observed for high frequencies of KR; the yoked group was superior to the self-controlled group. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the choices made, and not just the possibility of choosing, seem to define the benefits of KR self-control in motor learning.
摘要：
最近，与受束缚的小组相比，允许学习者控制何时接收结果知识（KR）的好处受到了挑战，并被认为充其量是温和的。对这种持不同政见的发现的一个潜在解释是，个人有区别地利用自我控制条件提供的自主性，which,反过来，影响结果。因此,本研究调查了自我控制的KR对运动学习的影响，重点是执行预期计时任务时KR请求的频率。根据参与者的KR请求频率(高，中等,低是指第五，第三,和第一个五分之一)和，然后,根据自我控制组的KR要求，创建了Yoked组的自我对照条件。我们还测量了自我效能感和处理时间，以验证潜在的相关性。结果支持预期的相互作用。虽然在KR的低频情况下，自我控制组和轭合组之间没有差异，适度的KR要求与自我对照组的更好结果相关。尽管如此，对于高频率的KR观察到相反的趋势；轭合组优于自我对照组。这项研究的结果使我们得出结论，所做的选择，不仅仅是选择的可能性，似乎定义了KR自我控制在运动学习中的好处。
