PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Global warming affects air and water temperatures, which impacts the phenology of lakes and aquatic ecosystems. These changes are most noticeable during winter, when the potentially toxic Planktothrix rubescens forms its inoculum for annual blooms. Mostly, research has been conducted on alpine lakes, where blooms have persisted for decades, while a few have focused on temperate lakes. Our study aimed to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of the development of P. rubescens in temperate lakes where blooms occasionally occur, with a particular emphasis on the role of ice phenology.
UNASSIGNED: We investigated the vertical distribution of P. rubescens in an annual cycle in three temperate lakes. Samples were collected monthly in the winter and biweekly during the vegetative seasons. Overall, 434 samples were collected and analyzed according to biological and chemical parameters. Physical parameters were measured in situ.
UNASSIGNED: The vegetation seasons in temperate lakes showed a similar development pattern in the P. rubescens population as that in alpine lakes. Our results also show the influence of physical and chemical factors on the vertical distribution of this cyanobacterium. These results revealed the significant impact of P. rubescens filaments on phytoplankton biodiversity and biomass. Our data show the role of ice phenology in the establishment of the winter inoculum of P. rubescens and its further mass development until its disappearance in autumn.
UNASSIGNED: A climate-zone-independent pattern of P. rubescens blooms was observed during the vegetation periods. The population of P. rubescens was more influenced by physical factors than by the availability of dissolved nutrients in the water. Despite the same etiology, global warming has been shown to cause different responses in aquatic ecosystems, which affect the different nature of P. rubescens appearances. We associated blooms in temperate lakes, in contrast to alpine lakes, mainly with the presence of ice cover during severe winters, when the species establishes its inoculum. Hence, blooms in temperate lakes occur at different time intervals. Therefore, the dynamics of periodic blooms of P. rubescens in temperate lakes provide novel knowledge to the case study and a counterpoint to permanent blooms found in deep alpine lakes.
UNASSIGNED: We investigated the vertical distribution of P. rubescens in an annual cycle in three temperate lakes. Samples were collected monthly in the winter and biweekly during the vegetative seasons. Overall, 434 samples were collected and analyzed according to biological and chemical parameters. Physical parameters were measured in situ.
UNASSIGNED: The vegetation seasons in temperate lakes showed a similar development pattern in the P. rubescens population as that in alpine lakes. Our results also show the influence of physical and chemical factors on the vertical distribution of this cyanobacterium. These results revealed the significant impact of P. rubescens filaments on phytoplankton biodiversity and biomass. Our data show the role of ice phenology in the establishment of the winter inoculum of P. rubescens and its further mass development until its disappearance in autumn.
UNASSIGNED: A climate-zone-independent pattern of P. rubescens blooms was observed during the vegetation periods. The population of P. rubescens was more influenced by physical factors than by the availability of dissolved nutrients in the water. Despite the same etiology, global warming has been shown to cause different responses in aquatic ecosystems, which affect the different nature of P. rubescens appearances. We associated blooms in temperate lakes, in contrast to alpine lakes, mainly with the presence of ice cover during severe winters, when the species establishes its inoculum. Hence, blooms in temperate lakes occur at different time intervals. Therefore, the dynamics of periodic blooms of P. rubescens in temperate lakes provide novel knowledge to the case study and a counterpoint to permanent blooms found in deep alpine lakes.
摘要：
■全球变暖影响空气和水的温度，影响湖泊和水生生态系统的物候。这些变化在冬季最为明显，当潜在有毒的浮游鼠会形成其每年开花的接种物时。大多数情况下,对高山湖泊进行了研究，开花已经持续了几十年，而一些人专注于温带湖泊。我们的研究旨在确定影响温带湖泊中冬凌草发育动态的因素，特别强调冰物候的作用。
■我们研究了三个温带湖泊中冬凌草在年周期中的垂直分布。样品在冬季每月收集一次，在营养季节每两周收集一次。总的来说,收集434个样品并根据生物和化学参数进行分析。在原位测量物理参数。
■温带湖泊的植被季节显示出与高山湖泊相似的发育模式。我们的结果还显示了物理和化学因素对这种蓝藻垂直分布的影响。这些结果揭示了冬凌草丝对浮游植物生物多样性和生物量的显著影响。我们的数据显示了冰物候学在冬凌草的冬季接种物的建立及其进一步的质量发展中的作用，直到秋季消失。
■在植被期间观察到了与气候区无关的冬凌草花模式。冬凌草种群受物理因素的影响大于水中溶解养分的可用性。尽管病因相同，全球变暖已被证明会导致水生生态系统的不同反应，影响冬凌草外观的不同性质。我们关联了温带湖泊的花朵，与高山湖泊相比，主要是在严冬期间有冰盖，当物种建立其接种物时。因此，温带湖泊的水华发生在不同的时间间隔。因此,温带湖泊中绿藻的周期性水华动态为案例研究提供了新颖的知识，并与在深高山湖泊中发现的永久性水华相对立。
■我们研究了三个温带湖泊中冬凌草在年周期中的垂直分布。样品在冬季每月收集一次，在营养季节每两周收集一次。总的来说,收集434个样品并根据生物和化学参数进行分析。在原位测量物理参数。
■温带湖泊的植被季节显示出与高山湖泊相似的发育模式。我们的结果还显示了物理和化学因素对这种蓝藻垂直分布的影响。这些结果揭示了冬凌草丝对浮游植物生物多样性和生物量的显著影响。我们的数据显示了冰物候学在冬凌草的冬季接种物的建立及其进一步的质量发展中的作用，直到秋季消失。
■在植被期间观察到了与气候区无关的冬凌草花模式。冬凌草种群受物理因素的影响大于水中溶解养分的可用性。尽管病因相同，全球变暖已被证明会导致水生生态系统的不同反应，影响冬凌草外观的不同性质。我们关联了温带湖泊的花朵，与高山湖泊相比，主要是在严冬期间有冰盖，当物种建立其接种物时。因此，温带湖泊的水华发生在不同的时间间隔。因此,温带湖泊中绿藻的周期性水华动态为案例研究提供了新颖的知识，并与在深高山湖泊中发现的永久性水华相对立。
