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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a prevalent malignancy within the upper gastrointestinal system, is characterized by its unfavorable prognosis and the absence of specific indicators for outcome prediction and high-risk case identification. In our research, we examined the expression levels of cancer stem cells (CSCs), markers CD44/SOX2 in ESCC, scrutinized their association with clinicopathological parameters, and developed a predictive nomogram model. This model, which incorporates CD44/SOX2, aims to forecast the overall survival (OS) of patients afflicted with ESCC.
UNASSIGNED: Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the expression levels of CD44 and SOX2 in both cancerous and paracancerous tissues of 68 patients with ESCC. The correlation between CD44/SOX2 expression and clinicopathological parameters was subsequently analyzed. Factors impacting the prognosis of ESCC patients were assessed through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Leveraging the results of these multivariate regression analyses, a nomogram prognostic model was established to provide individualized predictions of ESCC patient survival outcomes. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram prognostic model was evaluated using the consistency index (C-index) and calibration curves.
UNASSIGNED: The expression levels of CD44 were markedly elevated in the tumor tissues of ESCC patients. Similarly, SOX2 was significantly overexpressed in the tumor tissues of ESCC patients. The positive expression of SOX2 in ESCC demonstrated a strong correlation with both the pathological T-stage and the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen. CD44 and SOX2 co-positive expression was significantly associated with the pathological T-stage and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. Furthermore, ESCC patients exhibiting CD44-positive expression in their tumor tissue generally had a more adverse prognosis. The co-expression of CD44 and SOX2 resulted in a grimmer prognosis compared to patients with other combinations. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the co-expression of CD44 and SOX2, the pathological T-stage, and lymph node metastasis as independent prognostic indicators for ESCC patients. The three identified variables were subsequently incorporated into a nomogram for predicting OS. The C-index of the measurement model and the area under the curve of the subjects\' work characteristics showed good individual prediction. This prognostic model stratified patients into low- and high-risk categories. Analysis revealed that the 5-year OS rate was significantly higher in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group.
UNASSIGNED: Elevated CD44 levels, indicative of CSC presence, are intimately linked with the oncogenesis of ESCC and are strongly predictive of unfavorable patient outcomes. Concurrently, the SOX2 gene exhibits a heightened expression in ESCC, markedly accelerating tumor progression and fostering more extensive disease infiltration. The co-expression of CD44 and SOX2 correlates significantly with ESCC patient prognosis, serving as a reliable, independent prognostic marker. Our constructed nomogram, incorporating CD44/SOX2 expression, enhances the prediction of OS and facilitates risk stratification in ESCC patients.
UNASSIGNED: Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the expression levels of CD44 and SOX2 in both cancerous and paracancerous tissues of 68 patients with ESCC. The correlation between CD44/SOX2 expression and clinicopathological parameters was subsequently analyzed. Factors impacting the prognosis of ESCC patients were assessed through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Leveraging the results of these multivariate regression analyses, a nomogram prognostic model was established to provide individualized predictions of ESCC patient survival outcomes. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram prognostic model was evaluated using the consistency index (C-index) and calibration curves.
UNASSIGNED: The expression levels of CD44 were markedly elevated in the tumor tissues of ESCC patients. Similarly, SOX2 was significantly overexpressed in the tumor tissues of ESCC patients. The positive expression of SOX2 in ESCC demonstrated a strong correlation with both the pathological T-stage and the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen. CD44 and SOX2 co-positive expression was significantly associated with the pathological T-stage and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. Furthermore, ESCC patients exhibiting CD44-positive expression in their tumor tissue generally had a more adverse prognosis. The co-expression of CD44 and SOX2 resulted in a grimmer prognosis compared to patients with other combinations. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the co-expression of CD44 and SOX2, the pathological T-stage, and lymph node metastasis as independent prognostic indicators for ESCC patients. The three identified variables were subsequently incorporated into a nomogram for predicting OS. The C-index of the measurement model and the area under the curve of the subjects\' work characteristics showed good individual prediction. This prognostic model stratified patients into low- and high-risk categories. Analysis revealed that the 5-year OS rate was significantly higher in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group.
UNASSIGNED: Elevated CD44 levels, indicative of CSC presence, are intimately linked with the oncogenesis of ESCC and are strongly predictive of unfavorable patient outcomes. Concurrently, the SOX2 gene exhibits a heightened expression in ESCC, markedly accelerating tumor progression and fostering more extensive disease infiltration. The co-expression of CD44 and SOX2 correlates significantly with ESCC patient prognosis, serving as a reliable, independent prognostic marker. Our constructed nomogram, incorporating CD44/SOX2 expression, enhances the prediction of OS and facilitates risk stratification in ESCC patients.
摘要：
■食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC），上消化道系统中普遍存在的恶性肿瘤，其特点是预后不良，缺乏用于结果预测和高危病例识别的具体指标。在我们的研究中,我们检查了癌症干细胞（CSC）的表达水平，ESCC中的CD44/SOX2标志物，仔细检查了它们与临床病理参数的关系，并建立了预测列线图模型。这个模型,纳入CD44/SOX2,旨在预测ESCC患者的总生存期(OS).
■采用免疫组织化学方法检测了68例ESCC患者癌组织和癌旁组织中CD44和SOX2的表达水平。随后分析CD44/SOX2表达与临床病理参数之间的相关性。通过单变量和多变量Cox回归分析评估影响ESCC患者预后的因素。利用这些多元回归分析的结果，我们建立了一个列线图预后模型,以提供ESCC患者生存结局的个体化预测.使用一致性指数（C指数）和校准曲线评估列线图预后模型的预测准确性。
■ESCC患者肿瘤组织中CD44的表达水平显著升高。同样，SOX2在ESCC患者的肿瘤组织中显著过表达。SOX2在ESCC中的阳性表达表明与病理性T分期和癌胚抗原的存在密切相关。CD44和SOX2共阳性表达与病理T分期和肿瘤淋巴结转移（TNM）分期显着相关。此外，在其肿瘤组织中表现出CD44阳性表达的ESCC患者通常具有更不良的预后。与使用其他组合的患者相比，CD44和S0X2的共表达导致了预后。多因素Cox回归分析确定CD44和SOX2的共表达，病理T分期，淋巴结转移是ESCC患者的独立预后指标。随后将三个确定的变量合并到用于预测OS的列线图中。测量模型的C指数和受试者工作特征的曲线下面积显示出良好的个体预测。该预后模型将患者分为低风险和高风险类别。分析显示，与高风险组相比，低风险组的5年OS率明显更高。
■CD44水平升高，表明CSC存在，与ESCC的肿瘤发生密切相关，并强烈预测患者的不良结局。同时,SOX2基因在ESCC中表达增强，显着加速肿瘤进展并促进更广泛的疾病浸润。CD44和SOX2的共表达与ESCC患者的预后密切相关。作为一个可靠的，独立的预后标志物。我们构造的列线图，整合CD44/SOX2表达，增强了对OS的预测，并有助于ESCC患者的风险分层。
■采用免疫组织化学方法检测了68例ESCC患者癌组织和癌旁组织中CD44和SOX2的表达水平。随后分析CD44/SOX2表达与临床病理参数之间的相关性。通过单变量和多变量Cox回归分析评估影响ESCC患者预后的因素。利用这些多元回归分析的结果，我们建立了一个列线图预后模型,以提供ESCC患者生存结局的个体化预测.使用一致性指数（C指数）和校准曲线评估列线图预后模型的预测准确性。
■ESCC患者肿瘤组织中CD44的表达水平显著升高。同样，SOX2在ESCC患者的肿瘤组织中显著过表达。SOX2在ESCC中的阳性表达表明与病理性T分期和癌胚抗原的存在密切相关。CD44和SOX2共阳性表达与病理T分期和肿瘤淋巴结转移（TNM）分期显着相关。此外，在其肿瘤组织中表现出CD44阳性表达的ESCC患者通常具有更不良的预后。与使用其他组合的患者相比，CD44和S0X2的共表达导致了预后。多因素Cox回归分析确定CD44和SOX2的共表达，病理T分期，淋巴结转移是ESCC患者的独立预后指标。随后将三个确定的变量合并到用于预测OS的列线图中。测量模型的C指数和受试者工作特征的曲线下面积显示出良好的个体预测。该预后模型将患者分为低风险和高风险类别。分析显示，与高风险组相比，低风险组的5年OS率明显更高。
■CD44水平升高，表明CSC存在，与ESCC的肿瘤发生密切相关，并强烈预测患者的不良结局。同时,SOX2基因在ESCC中表达增强，显着加速肿瘤进展并促进更广泛的疾病浸润。CD44和SOX2的共表达与ESCC患者的预后密切相关。作为一个可靠的，独立的预后标志物。我们构造的列线图，整合CD44/SOX2表达，增强了对OS的预测，并有助于ESCC患者的风险分层。
