PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Marijuana has been used by humans for thousands of years for both medicinal and recreational purposes. This included the treatment of pain, inflammation, seizures, and nausea. In the 1960s, the structure of the principal psychoactive ingredient Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was determined, and over the next few decades, two cannabinoid receptors were characterized along with the human endocannabinoid system and what it affects. This includes metabolism, the cardiovascular and reproductive systems, and it is involved in such conditions as inflammation, cancer, glaucoma, and liver and musculoskeletal disorders. In the central nervous system, the endocannabinoid system has been linked to appetite, learning, memory, and conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration, addiction, and epilepsy. It was the profound effectiveness of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, to relieve the symptoms of Dravet syndrome, a severe form of childhood epilepsy, that recently helped spur marijuana research. This has helped substantially to change society\'s attitude towards this potential source of useful drugs. However, research has also revealed that the actions of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and the phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, were not just due to interactions with the two cannabinoid receptors but by acting directly on many other targets including various G-protein receptors and cation channels, such as the transient receptor potential channels for example. This mini-review attempts to survey the effects of these 4 important cannabinoids on these currently identified targets.
摘要：
大麻已经被人类用于医疗和娱乐目的数千年。这包括疼痛的治疗，炎症,癫痫发作,和恶心。在1960年代,确定了主要精神活性成分Δ9-四氢大麻酚的结构，在接下来的几十年里，两种大麻素受体的特征以及人类内源性大麻素系统及其影响。这包括新陈代谢，心血管和生殖系统，它与炎症等疾病有关，癌症,青光眼,肝脏和肌肉骨骼疾病。在中枢神经系统中，内源性大麻素系统与食欲有关，学习,记忆,和抑郁症等条件，焦虑,精神分裂症,中风,多发性硬化症,神经变性,上瘾,和癫痫。这是大麻二酚的深远功效，大麻的非精神活性成分,为了缓解Dravet综合征的症状,一种严重的儿童癫痫，最近帮助刺激了大麻研究。这大大有助于改变社会对这种潜在的有用药物来源的态度。然而,研究还表明，内源性大麻素的作用，如anandamide和2-花生四酰基甘油，和植物大麻素，四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚，不仅仅是由于与两种大麻素受体的相互作用，而是通过直接作用于许多其他靶标，包括各种G蛋白受体和阳离子通道，例如瞬时受体电位通道。这个小型审查试图调查这4种重要的大麻素对这些目前确定的目标的影响。
